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Psoriasis Vulgaris: Relationship between Oral and Periodontal Conditions and Disease Severity



Méndez Gaviria Ligia1, 3, Solis Leira4, Rodríguez Constanza5, Chila-Moreno Lorena6, Buenahora María Rosa4, Delgadillo Nathaly5, Prieto Andrés3, Castro Luis A1, 3, Romero-Sánchez Consuelo2, 3, 5, *
1 Dermatology Deparment, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá-Colombia
2 Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá – Colombia
3 School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá – Colombia
4 UNIECLO group, Oral Pathology Posgrade, Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá – Colombia
5 Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO), Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá – Colombia
6 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group/ INMUBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá-Colombia


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Creative Commons License
© 2019 Ligia et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group/ INMUBO/ Universidad El Bosque, Clinical Immunology Group/ Rheumatology and Immunology Department Hospital Militar Central /School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia, Av. Cra 9 No. 131 A - 02; Tel: 571) 6489000;
E-mail: romeromaria@unbosque.edu.co


Abstract

Introduction:

Psoriasis has been associated with other diseases, or comorbidities, within which the oral cavity is involved. However, there is no consensus regarding the clinical description. The objective of this study was to establish the oral and periodontal status in a group of patients with Psoriasis vulgaris in relation to markers of clinical severity.

Materials and Methods:

Descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study. 71 Patients diagnosed with psoriasis at the Hospital Militar Central. The indexes PASI and DLQI to determine their clinical activity were evaluated. We also evaluated serum markers of activity, A direct observation, ganglion palpation, extraoral, intraoral examination, and periodontal clinical index. Chi-squared test for associations was performed, All analyses involved a significance level of 5% and were carried out using the statistical analysis program STATA, version 11.1.

Results:

Periodontal disease was present in 70% of our patients with a moderate degree of severity in most cases. The presence of P. gingivalis was detected in 23% of patients, 9% of patients with P. gingivalis presented with severe psoriasis (p: 0.189); of these patients, 55% also had periodontal disease (p: 0.189); although this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, 91% of our patients presented with some form of lesion or anatomical variation in the oral cavity; of these, 28% had a single lesion, 63% had multiple lesions and 81.80% of the subjects showed lesions with strong psoriatic association (p = 0.033), including fissured tongue (60.87%; p = 0.034), angular cheilitis (14.49%; p = 0.03) and oral erythematous lesions (13.04%; p = 0.023).

Conclusion:

We did not detect statistically significant associations between the severity of psoriasis and periodontal disease but our findings related to oral changes could have good relevance for this type of patients. Our data indicate the need for multidisciplinary management between the clinician and specialists in periodontics and oral pathology.

Keywords: Periodontal disease, psoriasis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, STATA, Oral cavity, PASI.