RESEARCH ARTICLE
Biochemical Variables are Predictive for Patient Survival after Surgery for Skeletal Metastasis. A Prediction Model Development and External Validation Study
Michala Skovlund Sørensen1, *, Elizabeth C. Silvius2, Saniya Khullar2, Klaus Hindsø3, Jonathan A. Forsberg4, 5, Michael Mørk Petersen1
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2018Volume: 12
First Page: 469
Last Page: 481
Publisher ID: TOORTHJ-12-469
DOI: 10.2174/1874325001812010469
Article History:
Received Date: 29/6/2018Revision Received Date: 14/10/2018
Acceptance Date: 18/10/2018
Electronic publication date: 27/11/2018
Collection year: 2018
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Background:
Predicting survival for patients with metastatic bone disease in the extremities (MBDex) is important for ensuring the implant will outlive the patient. Hitherto, prediction models for these patients have been constructed using subjective assessments, mostly lacking biochemical variables.
Objectives:
To develop a prediction model for survival after surgery due to MBDex using biochemical variables and externally validate the model.
Methods:
We created Bayesian Belief Network models to estimate likelihood of survival 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using 140 patients. We validated the models using the data of 130 other patients and calculated the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC). Variables included: hemoglobin, neutrophil-count, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, primary cancer, Karnofsky-score, ASA-score, visceral metastases, bone metastases, days from diagnose of primary cancer to index surgery for MBDex, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, fracture/impending-fracture and age.
Results:
Survival probabilities were influenced by all biochemical variables. Validation showed ROC for the 1, 3, 6, and 12-months model: 68% (C.I.: 55%-80%), 69% (C.I.: 60%-78%), 81% (C.I.: 74%-87%) and 84% (C.I.: 77%-90%).
Conclusion:
Biochemical markers can be incorporated into a prediction model for survival in patients having surgery for MBDex allowing surgeons to offer more objective and individualized treatment options.