RESEARCH ARTICLE


Exercise Program-Related Psychosocial Changes Promote Healthy Weight in Youth



James J. Annesi*
YMCA of Metro Atlanta Atlanta, GA, USA
Kennesaw State University Kennesaw ,GA, USA


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Creative Commons License
© 2017 James J. Annesi .

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the YMCA of Metro Atlanta Atlanta, GA, USA; Tel: +4045889622; E-mail: jamesa@ymcaatlanta.org


Abstract

Background:

An inappropriately high weight in children is a predictor of health risks. Reliable interventions that are easily disseminated are needed.

Objective:

Based on findings with adults, exercise-support methods might be leveraged to change behavioral predictors of a healthy body composition in youth. Analyses of changes in theory-based psychological variables’ association with changes in body composition within the context of youth-tailored treatment are required.

Method:

A 45 minute/day, 4 day/week, social cognitive/self-efficacy theory-based after-school care protocol, Youth Fit 4 Life, was tested in children of a normal (n=54) and overweight/obese (n=32) body composition over a school year. The treatment’s emphasis was on improvements in mood, self-efficacy, and self-regulation related to physical activity. Validated self-report measures of negative mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, and BMI, were administered at baseline, and months 3 and 9. The prediction of BMI change from changes in the psychosocial variables was assessed using multiple regression analyses.

Results:

Change in BMI and improvements in the aforementioned psychosocial factors were significant over both 3 and 9 months, and did not differ between body composition groups. Analyses indicated that over 3 months, self-regulation change was a significant predictor of BMI change (β=-0.26, SE=0.05, P=0.03), while over 9 months, self-efficacy change significantly predicted BMI change (β=-0.21, SE=0.02, P=0.05).

Conclusion:

After replications and extensions focused also on eating behaviors, it was suggested that the inexpensive and efficient Youth Fit 4 Life protocol might be scalable across community venues to address childhood overweight and obesity.

Keywords: Physical activity, Exercise, Self-regulation, Self-efficacy, BMI, Children.