RESEARCH ARTICLE


Development and Validation of the Short Multidimensional Well-Being Questionnaire (SMWQ)



Lucile Bigot1, 3, 4, Catherine Garncarzyk1, 2, Antoine Gauthier1, 3, 4, Gaelle Quarck1, 3, 4, Fabrice Dosseville1, 2, *
1 Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France
2 UNICAEN, CESAMS, EA4260, F-14032 Caen, France
3 UNICAEN, COMETE, U1075, F-14032 Caen, France
4 INSERM, U1075, F-14032 Caen, France


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Creative Commons License
© 2017 Bigot et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Université de Caen Normandie, UFR STAPS, 2 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Tel: 0033231567282; E-mail: fabrice.dosseville@unicaen.fr


Abstract

Purpose:

Psychological well-being and health are closely linked at older ages. It is widely recognized that adapted regular physical exercise improves drastically both the physical and emotional well-being and allows older adults to stay healthy longer, with a better quality of life. In the framework of a European project (MOTION) to increase the life expectancy, independence and quality of life of older adults, the aim of the current research was to develop and validate a brief, multi-faceted, self-report measure of well-being in older adults.

Method:

The aim of Study 1 was to establish the factor structure of the newly developed measure using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The aim of Study 2 was to replicate the measure's factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent validity.

Results:

Analyses allowed generating a model of well-being comprising four dimensions: Perceived physical value, self-esteem and self-efficacy, socialization, and emotional reactions.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that the SMWQ is appropriate for use with older adults and can help researchers and health professionals to assess the effects of APA programs.

Keywords: Well-being, Exercise, Adults, Framework, Reliability, Socialization, Emotional reactions.