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Vitamin D, Inflammation and Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis



Pier Paolo Sainaghi1, 2, *, Antonello Gibbin3
1 Immuno-Rheumatology Outpatient Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, “Maggiore della Carità Hospital”, Novara, Italy
2 Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy
3 Division of Internal Medicine, “Sant’Andrea Hospital”, Vercelli, Italy


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Creative Commons License
© 2018 Sainaghi and Gibbin.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the “Maggiore della Carità Hospital”, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy, Tel: +3903213737512, Fax: +3903213733600; E-mail: pierpaolo.sainaghi@med.uniupo.it


Abstract

Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) commonly develop osteoporosis and fragility fractures. This fact cannot be explained only with the use of glucocorticoids, known to be detrimental for bone health. RA is characterized by a chronic inflammation caused by the continuous activation of innate and adaptive immunity with proinflammatory cytokines overproduction. This process is detrimental for several organs and physiological processes, including the impairment of bone remodeling. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of inflammation-related bone loss in RA, describing well-known and new molecular pathways and focusing on vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone role.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammation, Inflammatory arthritis, Bone health.