Variable | Control group (n = 45) |
Treatment group (n = 80) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.9 ± 11.0 | 44.8 ± 11.8 | 0.38a |
Sex (F/M) | 35/10 | 63/17 | 0.90b |
Previous experience with relaxation | 10 (22.2%) | 31 (40.3%) | 0.04b |
Previous experience with mindfulness | 7 (15.6%) | 20 (26.3%) | 0.17b |
Pain intensity (NRS: 0-10) | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 0.18a |
Depression (HAD: 0-21) | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 7.4 ± 4.2 | 0.60a |
Subjects with depression (HAD ≥ 8) | 22 (48.9%) | 40 (50%) | 0.91b |
Anxiety (HAD: 0-21) | 9.6 ± 4.9 | 8.4 ± 3.6 | 0.11a |
Subjects with anxiety (HAD ≥ 8) | 28 (62.2%) | 47 (58.8%) | 0.70b |
Pain Catastrophizing (PCS: 0-52) | 30.5 ± 9.4 | 27.0 ± 10.1 | 0.06a |
Level of mindfulness (MAAS: 15-90) | 56.7 ± 16.5 | 55.1 ± 13.4 | 0.56a |
Pain Acceptance (CPAQ: 0-120) | 49.4 ± 16.0 | 53.1 ± 17.1 | 0.24a |