Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety Symptoms and Cortical Activity in Patients with Panic Disorder: A Pilot Study

Table 2: Between and within-group comparisons and effect size analysis for all outcome measures.

Variables	Exercise Group (EG)		Control Group (CG)		Effect Sizes
Variables	Baseline (M±SD)	Post-intervention (M±SD)	Baseline	Post-intervention (M±SD)	Between-group	Within EG	Within CG
PDSS	13.8±2.4	13.0±2.0	13.2±3.4	13.0±3.3	0	0.75	0.18
BAI	29.6±7.4	24.0±7.1	24.2±9.1	24.2±8.2	0.02	1.40	0
BDI-II	21.6±10.7	15.8±9.4	21.2±11.3	21.8±10.2	-0.61	1.06	0.21
VO2max	±2.7	38.3±2.2	32.2±2.2	32.3±2.7	2.43	4.15	0.16
Resting EEG asymmetry	-0.0295±0.08	-0.0280±0.04	-0.0130±0.07	-0.0553±0.05	-0.60	0.02	0.51

Legend - PDSS = Panic Disorder Severity Scale; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory-II; VO₂max = maximum consumption oxygen in mL.kg^-1.min^-1.