| Authors | Objctive | N | Delineation | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beck, J.T., Strong, S.R. (1982) | Check the effect of the communication of the therapist on the symptoms of depressive patients. | 30 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Depressed subjects were given brief therapy with positive connotations and interpretations, with negative connotations and a control group. Although all groups decreased depressive symptoms, the group that received negative interpretations did not continue treatment while receiving positive interpretation persisted in the treatment and have remitted the symptoms. The scales used were: BDI Scale, Personal Mood Inventory and Barrett-Lennards Relashionship Inventory. The degree of significance of personal impression was p< 0,001 of controllability was p< 0,005, expectation for change was p< 0,05 and p< 0,01. In the inventory of relationships the p was< 0,05 and the only dimension that presented variation was the resistance with p< 0,005. In the BDI the p was< 0,005 and< 0,001. The significance between treatment and duration time and between the positive and negative connotations presented p< 0,05. |
| Joormann et al. (2005) | Evaluate the ability to intentionally forget negative material between depressive and non-depressive. | 72 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Depressive participants could forget the negative responses and the more they practiced the intentional forgetting of negative material less basic items they resembled on the final test. Used the BDI-II (P>0,10 for the depressed group and p>0,50 for not depressed) and the Battery of English Words of Affective Contents. The practice of suppressing negative words by depressed presented p< 0,025 and the memory of the words from the baseline p<0,03 for all groups. |
| Seligman et al. (2005) | Test of positive psychology interventions to increase happiness using five different strategies and a control strategy. | 577 | Randomized Clinical Trial | The survey tested if some exercises were effective to decrease depression. To measure the happiness and depression the study used the CES-D and the SHI. At least three of the strategies were effective in increasing individual happiness and reduction of depressive symptoms. For the effects of happiness scores by time and by the interaction found a p< 0,001 and depression scores the significance for the time and to the interaction p< 0,001. |
| Seligman, M.; Rashid, T., Parks, A.C. (2006) | Demonstrate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in the treatment of depression. | N1 = 40 N2 = 32 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Positive psychotherapy ia used in the treatment of depression by increasing the positive emotion, engagement and meaning. Two groups: one with average to moderate depression and another with a high degree of depression were referred to the positive Psychotherapy and both treatment groups produced decreased levels of depression. The scales that they valued such results were: BDI (p> 0,003 to depressive and p> 0,05 for control) and SWLS (P >0,001) |
| Fredrickson et al. (2008) | Check the theory that positive emotions lived repeatedly build personal resources to health. | 139 | Randomized Clinical Trial | The subjects practiced meditation and produced an increase of positive emotions and as a result of the personal resources which in turn increased life satisfaction and decreased depressive symptoms. MAS Scales, HS, SBI, LOT, ERM, Ryff's PWB, SWLS and CES-D, were used. The relationship between time and meditation presented p<0,0001 and the relationship with the positive emotion had p= 0,05. |
| Huta, V. & Hawley, L. (2010) | Investigate the relationship between psychological forces and cognitive vulnerabilities to study its effects on well-being. | N1 241 N2 54 N=295 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Both in the study with healthy subjects and with depressive ones, the relationship between forces and vulnerabilities is clear, but not listed as mere opposites on a continuum. But both affect well-being. The scales used in the study were VIA-IS, DAS, BDI-II, SWLS, PANAS, SES, SVS, MS, EES. The p in all scales was p< 0,01. |
| Bylsma, L.M.; Taylor-Clift, A. & Rottenberg, J. (2011) | Analyze the relationship of positive emotional reactivity and negative emotional reactivity to everyday events into three groups-with major depression, with minor depression and healthy. | 99 | Randomized Clinical Trial | The depresssives have a higher reactivity to daily events enjoyable and less reactivity to unpleasant daily events. Emphasizes also the role of the assessment of the events and the severity of depression in emotional reactivity. The measurements were carried out through the following instruments: BDI-II, BAI, DRM and ESM. Both the BDI-II as the BAI showed p< 0,001. Pleasant and unpleasant activities on DRM and the ESM presented p<0,05. |
| Albarracin, D. & Hart, W. (2011) | Examine the relationship of action and inaction and humor. | N187 N2139 N3 81 N4140 N=447 | Randomized Clinical Trial | Through four experiments the mood of participants was manipulated to be positive, neutral and negative in terms of variables such as general actions, inactions and neutral concepts. The results showed that positive affect and action concepts produced similar effects in increasing behavioral activity and better performance than concepts of inaction and negative affect.The instruments used were: write about an experience very happy or very frustrating, the Computerized Edinburg Associative Thesaurus , verbal and intellectual ability. The relationship between positive, neutral and negative mood and action and inaction presented p= 0,04. |
| Dalgleish et al. (2011) | Relate the number of depressive episodes in interpreting the life structure information for the past and the future in groups with and without depression. | 50 | Randomized Clinical Trial | The data showed a depressive profile relative to the past with predominance of negative information and vulnerability in depressive group and in participants at remission, but surprisingly the groups showed no significant differences in ratings of life structure for the future. The scales used were SCID, Life-Structure Card-Sorting Task, BDI, STAI and PANAS. The BDI, the STAI and PANAS had p< 0,005. |