Table 1: A comparison of transformation-based cyber security methods.

Number	Method	Diversity Provided
1	Instruction Set Randomization (ISR)	Changes the processor instruction set to foil cyberattacks
2	Address Space Randomization (ASR)	Used by Windows Vista OS to resist memory corruption attacks
3	Data Space Randomization (DSR)	Uses masking to prevent memory corruption better than ASR
4	N-Variant Approaches	If the same input is supplied to a set of diversified variants of the same code, then the cyberattack will succeed on at most one variant.
5	Multi-Variant Code	This technique runs variants of the same program and compares the behavior of the variants at synchronization points
6	Behavioral Distance	A way to defend against mimicry attacks by using a comparison between the behaviors of two diverse processes running the same input.
7	Semantic Randomization	A way to apply schema-based program synthesis to automatically create semantically equivalent syntactically distinct algorithmic variants of the same code, where a cyberattack will succeed on at most one variant. Picks up where the use of distinct compilers leaves off. May be used in combination with the above methods for enhanced cybersecurity.