Impact of Imidacloprid Seed Dressing Treatment on Soil Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities in the Maize Rhizosphere

Table 1: Effects of imidacloprid on maize rhizosphere soil mirobial culturable populations during the various growth period.

Microorganism (Culturable population)	Imidacloprid	Growth stages
Microorganism (Culturable population)	Imidacloprid	Seedling stage	Jointing stage	Trumpet stage	Flowering stage	Filling stage	Maturity stage
Bacteria (10⁷CFUg^-1 soil)	CK	80.5±7.4f	91.4±8.5bcd	97.6±10.3bc	114.7±12.6a	100.3±11.5b	82.6±6.9ef
Bacteria (10⁷CFUg^-1 soil)	Imidacloprid	69.6±5.3g	79.8±10.2f	88.3±7.6cde	100.6±9.3b	95.7±6.9bc	83.4±7.1ef
Actinomycetes (10⁵CFUg^-1 soil)	CK	67.3±6.5f	76.8±5.4e	87.2±9.1bcd	99.7±10.2a	93.3±9.6ab	90.3±7.8bc
Actinomycetes (10⁵CFUg^-1 soil)	Imidacloprid	62.7±5.9f	69.6±8.1f	80.7±9.2de	91.3±11.6bc	89.6±7.3bc	84.9±7.4cd
Fungi (10⁴CFUg^-1 soil)	CK	90.7±10.2a	86.2±6.3ab	81.4±7.9abcd	75.5±4.8cd	77.9±9.2bcd	74.8±8.6d
Fungi (10⁴CFUg^-1 soil)	Imidacloprid	88.2±8.5a	84.3±7.1abc	76.7±7.7cd	72.3±6.9d	73.4±5.4d	72.9±5.3d

Note: Different statistical analysis were separately done for bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. and different letters after numbers indicate statistically significant difference between the numbers which refer to each of these groups.