| Parameters | Unit | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Cohesion (c) of collapsible soil | kPa | 20 |
| Angle of internal friction (φcs) of collapsible soil | ° | 20–40 |
| Collapse potential (Cp) | % | 5–15 |
| Angle of internal friction (φ) of dense sand | ° | 40 |
| Thickness of collapsible soil layer (H) | m | 8–15 |
| Depth of collapsing soil (Hs) | m | 4–7.5 |
| x = Hs/H | - | 0.5 |
| Length of pile (L) | m | 12–30 |
| Diameter of pile (D) | m | 0.2–1 |
| Pile length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) | - | 20–75 |
| Embedded pile length into noncollapsible soil-to-full pile length ratio (Le/L) | - | 0.3–0.75 |
| Radius of wetting (h) | m | 3–10 |
| Interface strength reduction factor (ISRF) | - | 0.6–0.9 |