Table 5: FEM input parameters.

          Soil Parameter           Values Range
          Soil cohesion, C (kN/m2)           None cohesive soil ( C=0 )
          Soil friction angle, ϕo           33- 40
          Angle of dilatancy ( ψο)           3-10
          Young’s modulus ( kN/m2)           2.5qc
          Poisson’s ratio (μ)           0.3