Table 1: Studies indicating level of awareness and application of value management.

Years Study Method Findings Implications

2000-2005
Hiley & Gopsill [12] Case study: Postal questionnaires Significant barriers identified regarding the implementation of value management in the UK construction industry with the lack of education serving as the core hurdle behind the implementation of value management. The study shows there is an awareness of value management benefits; however, its potential is not entirely in practice within the industry.
Thomson & Austin [13] Systematic literature review The findings have indicated that there is a need to establish methods of problem-solving processes for all designers in the supply chains to tackle value delivery and the appropriateness of the value-adding toolbox. The study is of particular significance that a shared understanding of values should be developed within project progression and endowing an objective and framework for construction projects.
Mat & CVM [14] Systematic literature review The consideration of complex interrelationships is allowed by the system based functional analysis of value management. The findings are of significance for managers and constructors in distilling or focusing preferences or objectives and in developing alternative solutions.
Al-Hajj & Rizkallah [15] Systematic literature review There is a very insufficient extent of practitioners regarding the awareness and application of value management in construction projects for better performance and achieving construction outcomes. Willingness is vital among contractors and stakeholders to enhance value management practices for stimulating finding from the survey the future of the industry.
Al Freidi [16] Systematic review approach The application of value management is based on project manager risk management, policy and technical project management, project planning, solution sustainability, monitoring and communications, and internal and external project management. The study is of particular significance to the outstanding, familiar, and average construction projects.
Perera & Karunasena [17] Literature Review, Pilot survey, case studies. The current study indicated time, cost, and quality of work as the significant indicators of value management. Also, the concept of VM is relatively new in Colombo The study highlighted the useful outcomes where VM is successful in improving the structures of site management, reduced waste, and improve project outcomes.
Daddow, Therese & Skitmore [18] Interview survey approach The findings indicated a 33% acceptance level of value management among construction workers in Brisbane and Sydney. The study is of particular significance to the contribution, identification, and management of value management of the risks associated with the project delivery.
Abidin [19] Case study The findings have shown immense awareness of value management in construction projects. The implications reveal the foundation of new construction thinking as sustainability enhances the provision of the services to fulfill the increasing demand for better quality and value.

2006-2010
Perera,Clifford [20, 21] Systematic literature review The findings have shown a significant benefit of partnering, risk management, and value management on project teams. These features have extensively reduced the team inputs and maximize the gains. Value management and risk management approaches can be used to improve processes that have been traditionally used in waste through non-value adding activities.
Noor, Kamruzzaman & Ghaffar [8] Field study The study found that participants have a moderate level of knowledge concerning the value management concept (48%), and approach (52%), sustainability issue (48%) and design (50%). Besides, Malaysian construction projects lack awareness regarding the benefits of value management. The integration of value management practice in buildings projects to ensure better sustainability involvement in current government practice is encouraged.
Jaapar et al. [11] Questionnaire survey approach Revealed that evolution in value management affects the construction projects of the Malaysian industry. However, 51% of the respondents indicated that they are not practicing value management methods within the construction industry. The construction industry should ensure the implementation of value management to have better involvement in the projects.
Abidin [22] Questionnaire survey approach The findings indicated that contractors were aware of the value management techniques; still, the management of sustainability practices is recorded at 43% in Malaysia. The study is of significant benefit and requires more effort of contractors to implement value management and encourage actions and strategies toward a sustainable environment.
Coetzee [23] Case studies The study indicated that value management is not a well-developed concept in South Africa. Construction engineers are not much concerned about value management; also, the curriculum of South African universities lack in providing relevant knowledge regarding the given concept. The significance of this study provides appropriate attention to the contractors and stakeholders associated with the construction industry.
Al-Yami [24] Postal questionnaires The findings have indicated that there is no experience of contractors and stakeholders in the construction industry regarding sustainable construction principles. The study has emphasized that value management could be of significant potential to promote and establish sustainable principles and to enhance awareness within the construction industry.
Kolo & Ibrahim [25] Theoretical approach Lack of knowledge, complex internal relationships, lack of correct decision-making practices are some of the leading indicators of value management in the Nigerian Construction industry. The study can improve the decision-making process in the construction industry.
Perera, Hayles & Kerlin [26] Mixed-Method Approach: Survey results and 3 case studies Findings indicated that in Northern Ireland's construction industry, value management serves to satisfy consumer needs and is needed to be implemented at the initial stage of the project. The study is useful as it outlines the views and perspectives of different professionals about value management.
Oke & Ogunsemi [27] Semi-structured interviews The findings indicated that value management is not completely initiated in the Nigerian construction industry, even though people have a good level of knowledge regarding value management. The study recommends that construction industry clients and contractors adopt value management on their projects.

2011-2015
Maznan et al. [28] Semi-structured interviews Findings highlighted a significant lack of knowledge among the workers of the Malaysian construction industry. However, lack of understanding and knowledge on value management were the main reasons for the skeptical and negative perceptions of contractors toward value management. The study has recommended undertaking the acceptance of value management in the construction industry for successful project outcomes.
Othman [29] Questionnaire survey technique The findings showed that value management is vital at the briefing stage, specifically in the contractor health and safety performance, the design process, cost and quality, contract strategy, and performance of time in the Malaysian construction industry. It indicates that incorporating these management tools gives a more holistic and practical solution to construction problems regarding managerial expertise, financial, and technical resources.
Whyte & Cammarano [30] Semi-structured interviews The findings showed that the concept of value management is well-aware among engineers and stakeholders of Western Australia. Also, employees are aware that value management contributes to cost reduction and increases the project life cycle. The study recommends that there is a requirement for value management in the construction industry and argues to uptake and utilize the resources of value management.
Lop et al. [1] Quantitative study: A Questionnaire survey technique The findings indicated a positive and a higher level of awareness with the value management issues in the construction industry of the Kelantan state of Malaysia. The study imposes recommendations to improve the implementation of value management among developers in the Malaysian construction industry.
Mesbah [31] Systematic literature review The findings showed that value management is a practical, structured, and analytical approach procedure that signifies to expand the project values by questioning for specific functions of a project and then reviewing and enhancing them. The study is of particular significance that allows proper and structured documentation of knowledge and expertise of value management among engineers and designers.
Keng & Shahdan [32] Questionnaire survey technique The findings indicated a low awareness level among key players, such as stakeholders and contractors of the Malaysian construction industry. From the overall 33 participants, only a single participant was able to answer the 9 out of 10 questions correctly. The level of awareness and application should be increased among stakeholders and contractors in the construction industry.
Lourens [33] Quantitative study: A questionnaire survey The study found that only specific techniques of value management were implemented, about 63.1% in the construction industry of South Africa.
Also, the adoption of value management is significantly challenging here.
New information should be incorporated in the construction industry for the position of value management adoption.
Kim, Lee & Nguyen [9] Questionnaire Survey technique Findings indicated that lack of awareness, lack of qualified personnel to adopt value management, inherent complexities with value management workshops, and lack of value management application documents are major hindrance factors in the adoption of value management in the construction industry of Vietnam. The findings can be of particular significance to promote the application of value management in the construction industry.
Zhao & Moh [34] Case studies The application of value management is crucial to achieve the expected targets and to resolve the construction and design challenges in the construction industry of China. Value management can enhance the construction management and can coordinate construction management and coordination of several existing construction projects.
Morad and El-Sayeg [35] Quantitative research design: a survey method The findings showed that the construction industry of UAE lacks the successful implementation of value management, as only 47% of the responses indicated that value management is always implemented in their work practices. The study indicated that the implementation of value management must be encouraged since it highly contributes to controlling project costs.
Ncube & Rwelamila [36] Quantitative Study: Research questionnaire The findings of the study indicated that most of the respondents (93%) have the right level of value management knowledge in the construction industry of Gauteng, South Africa. However, only 53% of organizations currently practice value management in their everyday work. The study is useful specifically for the Gauteng province of South Africa to improve its construction industry. Adequate knowledge regarding the benefits of VM may improve the work practices of the construction industry.
Luvara & Mwemezi [4] Quantitative study: a questionnaire survey The lack of understanding of value management in the construction industry of Tanzania is found to be the most critical obstacle. However, the lack of trained value managers and the wrong choice of procurement route are other obstacles found in the construction industry. The study emphasized that efforts should be made to create awareness of value management in the industry and to reinforce contract conditions.
Ekanayake et al. [37] Qualitative approach: Semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated that the implementation of value management is limited in the construction projects of Srilanka. Common barriers include a lack of risk-taking ability, lack of expertise, and knowledge. The potential implication of value management is beneficial once the barriers are mitigated. This would further help in increasing the technical knowledge as well as capital investments in the construction industry.