Study | Study Design | No. of Participants | Intervention/s | Follow up Period | Type of Sample & (Plat-Form) | Outcomes (Effect size) | Interpretation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical | Microbiological | ||||||||||
I. The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment | |||||||||||
(Jünemann et al., 2012) [44] | RCT | 4 | I*: Mechanical debridement + 500 mg Amoxicillin + 400 mg Metronidazole VS C*: Mechanical debridement + placebo |
2 months | Subgingival (Ion Torrent) |
Mean diff. %PPD>7mm*= -0.8 %BOP*=-1 %PI*=4.5 Control (before and after) %PPD*=-18.7 %BOP*= -55 %PI*=-46 |
Mean diff. ACE= -58.5 Shannon=-0.48 Simpson=0.025 Evenness= -0.04 Control ACE=28.5 Shannon=0.29 Simpson= -0.03 Evenness=0.035 |
Clinical and microbiological results favor I* C* alone improves clinical but not microbiological results |
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(Hagenfeld et al., 2018) [41] | RCT | 96 | I*: Mechanical debridement + 500 mg Amoxicillin + 400 mg Metronidazole VS Mechanical debridement. + placebo |
2 months | Subgingival (Illumina MiSeq) |
Mean diff. %PPD5mm*= -2.7 %BOP= -4.3 %RAL1.3mm*= 0.1 Control %PPD5= 7.5 %BOP=16.4 |
Mean diff. Richness= -14.91 Evenness= 0 Diversity= -0.1 Dissimilarity= 0.04 Contol Richness= -4.41 Evenness= 0 Diversity= 0.02 Dissimilarity= -0.01 |
Clinical and microbiological results favor I* C* alone improves microbiological but not clinical results |
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(Chang, 2012) [45] | Before and after | 4 | Scaling and root planning + oral hygiene instruct. | Baseline, 4-6 weeks | Subgingival (Shotgun: Illumina GAIIx) |
Mean difference GI*=-1.3 PD*= -2 mm GR*= 1.3mm CAL*= -1.5 mm |
Descriptive data only | I* improves the clinical results and causes a shift in the subgingival microbial community | |||
(Shi et al., 2015) [46] | Before and after | 12 | Scaling and root planning + oral hygiene instruct. | Baseline, week 4 and 19 | Subgingival (Shotgun: Illumina GAIIx) | Not mentioned; The study only included the clinically resolved cases |
No numbers reported (diversity in resolved< diseased) | According to descriptive data, I* improves the microbiological results | |||
(Yamanaka et al., 2012) [47] | Before and after | 19 | Scaling and root planning + oral hygiene instruct. | Baseline and 2 years | Saliva and supragingival (pyrosequencing) |
Mean diff. between % of pockets>7mm= -6.98% |
Mean diff. Chao I= -211 ACE=-214 Shannon=- 0.3 |
Intervention improves clinical and microbiological results | |||
II. The effect of other interventions (Miscellaneous) | |||||||||||
(Califf et al., 2017) [48] | Non-RCT | 34 | I*: 0.25% sodium hypochlorite rinse VS C*: 15 ml of water rinse |
Baseline, day 14, month 3 | Supra and subgingival plaque (Illumina MiSeq) | Not stated to be an outcome for the study | No numbers reported. | According to descriptive data, I* causes a shift in the plaque microbial community | |||
(Hagenfeld et al., 2019) [40] | RCT | 41 | I*: zinc-substituted carbonated hydroxyapatite dentifrice VS C*: dentifrice containing an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride |
Baseline, week 4 and 12 | Supra and subgingival plaque (Illumina MiSeq) |
Mean diff PFR*=2.3% PCR*=2.6% GI*=-0.1 BOP*=0.9% PPD*=-0.1 mm GR*=0.2 mm AL*=0.1mm |
No noticeable difference between the 2 groups | C* provides better clinical results than I* and both show similar microbiological effects. | |||
(Nakano et al., 2017) [43] | RCT | 46 | tablets contain 80 mg of LF+LPO powder (Lactoferrin + lactoperoxidase) VS placebo | Baseline, week 4 and week 8 | Tongue coating and supragingival plaque (Illumina MiSeq) |
No postoperative numbers reported | No postoperative numbers reported (lower diversity in I* than placebo) | I* causes shift in the plaque microbial community lowering the diversity | |||
(Queiroz et al., 2017) [42] | RCT | 41 with furcation involvement | Bone Vs EMD* VS Bone + EMD | Baseline, 3 and 6 months | Subgingival plaque from the furcation defect (pyrosequencing) |
No data about intervention or control | No numbers reported | - |