Table 1: Effects of 9-cis-RA on the Gene Expression in Ca9-22 Cells.

Up-Regulated Genes GenBank No. Fold Intensitya Expression Typeb Primer pairs
Solute carrier family 37 (glycerol-3-phosphate transporter), member 2 (SLC37A2) XM_166184.1 4.23±0.23 B AGCCTCACCCTGCTCTCCTTCC / CGGGCCTGCTTTTCTGCTTAAT
Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ASB2) NM_016150.3 4.12±0.23 A CGCCCAGAGTGGACAGTTGGAG / GGCACCCTGTGACAGCAGAAAC
Prosaposin (variant Gaucher disease and variant metachromatic leukodystrophy) (PSAP) NM_002778.1 4.05±0.12 C GAATGTGAAGACGGCGTCCGACT / CTCCTCAGTGGCATTGTCCTTCAG
Similar to cytokeratin (AA 1-513) (LOC144501) XM_096612.7 3.90±0.19 B AAAGCAGCTTGGAGCCTCTAGGT / GATACTGATATGGAGCGGAGTGGC
Tenascin C (hexabrachion) (TNC) NM_002160.1 3.68±1.41 A CATGACTCAGCTGTTGGCAGGT / AAACGTGGTTAAACACCACTGGC
Transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) NM_019894.1 3.42±0.29 C ATTGACAGCACACGGTGCAATG / CCACATGCCACTGGTCAGATTGG
Kallikrein 6 (neurosin, zyme) (KLK6) NM_002774.2 3.29±0.04 A GAGGGACCTACGGGCAGCTGTT / CCATGCACCAACTTATTCTGCTCC
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) NM_021972.2 3.03±0.32 A AGGAAGAGTGGGTTCCAAGACACC / GAGTGCAGCAGTGCCAGGACTAGC
Carbonyl reductase 3 (CBR3) NM_001236.2 2.85±0.85 C AACATGTGCAACGAGTTACTGCCG / CCACCAGGTCTCCTTCTGTGAGTG
Hypothetical protein FLJ25348 (FLJ25348) NM_144569.2 2.78±0.13 B TCAAGTCTGTTGCTGGCTGTGCT / CATTCGGCCTCCTGTCATCTGG
Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2) (MDK) NM_002391.2 2.66±0.11 C AGTGCCTTCTGTCTGCTCGTTAGC / GGCTCTGGGACTCACATTGCTTT
Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (macrophage elastase) (MMP12) NM_002426.1 2.57±0.14 A GGGCCCGTATGGAGGAAACATTAT / CCATGCCTGTGTTAATCTTGCTGA
Chromosome 20 open reading frame 108 (C20orf108) NM_080821.1 2.46±0.66 C CTGCCCTGTCACGTAGTTGAAGG / CCAGGATGGCCAGTTAATGGTTT
LOC158819 (LOC158819) XM_098995.1 2.42±0.04 A TGCCATCTTCTCAGTCCTTCTCC / GACCCAGTAGT AGGCACTGACGGT
Down-Regulated Genes
Homo sapiens heparin-binding growth factor binding protein (HBP17), NM_005130.1 0.08±0.01 NA AGCCTCACCCTGCTCTCCTTCC / CGGGCCTGCTTTTCTGCTTAAT
Troponin T3, skeletal, fast (TNNT3) NM_006757.1 0.13±0.05 NA AAGGCCAAGGAGCTCTGGGAGA / CTGTGCTTCTGGGCCTGGTCAAT
Dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis) (DKK1) NM_012242.1 0.22±0.001 NA CCGAGGAGAAATTGAGGAAACCAT / GGCACAGTCTGATGACCGGAGA
ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide (ATP1B1) NM_001677.1 0.22±0.03 NA TCTTGCCTTGTCCTCCGGTATGT / CAGCACCAGCATGTGATGCCTC
Keratin 6C (KRT6C) NM_058242.1 0.25±0.03 NA AGCGTGAGCAGATCAAGACCCTC / ACAACGGCTCCAGGTTCTGCCT
Keratin 5 (epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Dowling-Meara/Kobner/Weber-Cockayne types) (KRT5) NM_000424.2 0.30±0.07 NA GAGGCCAAGGTTGATGCACTGAT / CGATGATGCTATCCAGGTCCAGG
CD44 antigen (homing function and Indian blood group system) (CD44) NM_000610.2 0.34±0.02 NA GGCTGATCATCTTGGCATCCCT / TTGAGTCCACTTGGCTTTCTGTCC
Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 2 (DHRS2) NM_005794.1 0.36±0.14 NA TAGAACACTGGCATTGGAGCTGGC / CCCAATCCTCTGCAGCTGATGA
Immediate early response 5 (IER5) NM_016545.2 0.37±0.03 NA ACTTTACACCTACCCCTCACCGGA / TCTTCATTGGGAGAGAAAGGTGGG
Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) NM_005627.2 0.39±0.01 NA ATTATGTCGGAGCGGAATGTTCTG / AGCGTTCCCTCTGGAGATGGTAGA
Homo sapiens serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 5(SERPINB5) NM_002639 0.39±0.07 NA TGAACGACCAGACCAAAATCCTTG / CGTGGCCTCCATGTTCATCATCT
Angiomotin like 2 (AMOTL2) XM_300852.1 0.40±0.10 NA AGAAGGATGCAGTGATCAAGGTCC / TCACTAGAAGAGAGCCCTTGCCA
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase) (MMP1) NM_002421.2 0.42±0.01 NA GATGGACCTGGAGGAAATCTTGCT / CAAGAGAATGGCCGAGTTCATGA
Plakophilin 1 (ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome) (PKP1) NM_000299.1 0.43±0.05 NA TTACAGCACCTGCAGTGGTCAGAA / GCAGATCTTGGAGCTGGCCCTAG
Caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa (CAV1) NM_001753.3 0.47±0.04 NA CCCTTAAAGCACAGCCCAGGGA / GGCCTTGTTGTTGGGCTTGTAGA
ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide (ATP1B3) NM_001679.1 0.49±0.17 NA AGCCTGAAGGAGTGCCAAGGATA / GCAACCAATGGCTGTAGATACCCA
Keratin 19 (KRT19) NM_002276.2 0.51±0.07 NA GCCAGGTCAGTGTGGAGGTGGAT / TCCCGGTTCAATTCTTCAGTCCG

a, Fold intensity was obtained from microarray analysis.
b, See the results in Fig. (2 and 3). NA, not appricable.