Table 2: Statistical parameters for exudates detection process by the proposed method with and without denoising process.

(=50) averaged over 50 images.
Without denoising With denoising
δ × δ
Sensitivity 3×3 ~84% ~90% ~94% ~91% ~88% ~92% ~96% ~92%
5×5 ~89% ~95% ~92% ~92% ~91% ~96% ~97% ~93%
Specificity 3×3 ~95% ~97% ~99% ~98% ~96% ~97% ~99% ~98%
5×5 ~97% ~99% ~99% ~98% ~98% ~99% ~99% ~98%
Accuracy 3×3 ~88% ~92% ~94% ~94% ~89% ~94% ~96% ~95%
5×5 ~92% ~94% ~96% ~92% ~92% ~95% ~97% ~92%
Average 3×3 ~89% ~93% ~95.7% ~94.3% ~91% ~94.3% ~97% ~95%
5×5 ~92.7% ~96% ~95.7% ~94% ~93.7% ~96.7% ~97.7% ~94.3%