Item No. |
Assessment items by subscale |
Percent of nurses (%) |
Confident |
Neutral |
Not confident |
Never used |
1. Admit, Discharge, and Transfer Patient |
1 |
Discharge patient from central and beside monitors |
87 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
2 |
Admit patient to central and bedside monitors |
87 |
3 |
10 |
0 |
3 |
Transfer patient from central and bedside monitors |
53 |
20 |
23 |
4 |
4 |
Edit patient information after admission |
50 |
20 |
23 |
7 |
5 |
Resolve patient information mismatch (e.g., between X2a and bedside monitor, or bedside and central monitors) |
33 |
44 |
23 |
0 |
2. Hardware and Connectivity |
6 |
Connect monitor cables |
83 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
7 |
Identify monitors’ major hardware components and connectors (SpO2b, NBPc, etc.) |
80 |
3 |
17 |
0 |
8 |
Report device malfunctions to service personnel |
70 |
3 |
20 |
7 |
9 |
Identify battery's power status of X2a monitor from display color (green, yellow, or red) |
57 |
13 |
17 |
13 |
10 |
Clean, sterilize and disinfect monitors and monitors accessories |
57 |
20 |
17 |
6 |
11 |
Describe the functions of alarm lamps and front panel color indicators (or LEDsd) |
17 |
36 |
10 |
37 |
3. Alarm Management |
12 |
Pause alarms and cancel the pause |
93 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
13 |
Silence alarms |
83 |
0 |
10 |
7 |
14 |
Know different types of parameters’ display and the meaning of waves and information in the display (e.g., arrhythmia, SpO2b, Respiration, etc.) |
80 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
View all active alarm messages easily |
80 |
3 |
17 |
0 |
16 |
Change alarm volume easily |
80 |
3 |
7 |
10 |
17 |
Choose and change the source (e.g., Systolic, Mean, Systolic and Mean) of an alarm appropriately (e.g., pressure alarms source, NBP c, etc.) |
77 |
13 |
10 |
0 |
18 |
Change alarm limits safely and appropriately |
73 |
10 |
17 |
0 |
19 |
Change alarm limits easily |
73 |
10 |
17 |
0 |
20 |
Identify and differentiate the priority (e.g., from crisis to advisory) and meaning of all physiologic alarm messages, based on visual and audible alarm indicators |
73 |
10 |
17 |
0 |
21 |
Acknowledge and correct alarm messages appropriately |
73 |
17 |
10 |
0 |
22 |
Identify and differentiate the priority and meaning of technical alarm messages (e.g., Check Equipment), based on visual and audible alarm indicators |
70 |
13 |
17 |
0 |
23 |
Differentiate the source of each alarm (e.g., HRe Low alarm is from ECGf settings) |
70 |
20 |
10 |
0 |
24 |
Customize default settings to patient specific |
67 |
13 |
20 |
0 |
25 |
Troubleshoot common technical alarm messages (e.g., !!Check Patient ID) |
57 |
17 |
23 |
3 |
26 |
Eliminate redundant alarms when changing default settings (e.g., if STg and STEh are selected, STEh will be redundant alarms) |
53 |
17 |
27 |
3 |
27 |
Understand the monitor logic behind displaying different types of alarms (e.g., if there is an active ventricular bigeminy alarm, a PVCi > 6/min will NOT be triggered because it is lower in the same priority chain) |
53 |
23 |
17 |
7 |
28 |
Know when you need to contact service personnel to correct technical alarms vs. when you need to troubleshoot the problem |
50 |
17 |
23 |
10 |
29 |
Extend alarm pause time |
30 |
17 |
23 |
30 |
30 |
Differentiate the behaviors of latching (alarm automatically will turn off when the condition no longer exists) vs. non-latching alarms (require nurse to turn alarm off even if the condition no longer exists) |
17 |
33 |
10 |
40 |
4. Appropriate Monitoring |
31 |
Place electrodes appropriately |
97 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
32 |
Understand best practices in electrode placement (frequency of changing electrodes, skin preparation) |
97 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
33 |
Change the NBPc measurement interval |
97 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
34 |
Select the appropriate NBPc measurement modes (manual, auto, sequence, stat) |
90 |
3 |
7 |
0 |
35 |
Store and send the 12-lead ECGf to the central monitor |
90 |
3 |
7 |
0 |
36 |
Zero the pressure transducer |
90 |
0 |
7 |
3 |
37 |
Put monitor into Standby mode and resume from Standby monitoring |
90 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
38 |
Select appropriate invasive pressure label for monitoring (e.g., ABPj, ICPk, PAPl, Aom) |
87 |
6 |
7 |
0 |
39 |
Change the size of a waveform |
83 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
40 |
Select optimal SpO2b measurement site |
83 |
4 |
13 |
0 |
41 |
Recognize elements and purpose of using monitors’ Screen Keys: (1) The four permanent keys (Silence, Pause Alarms, Main Setup, Main Screen), (2) smart keys, and (3) pop-up keys |
80 |
13 |
7 |
0 |
42 |
Pick best primary and secondary leads for paced and non-paced patients |
77 |
3 |
17 |
3 |
43 |
Navigate the different monitors' screens easily |
77 |
6 |
17 |
0 |
44 |
Check beats annotation and relearn arrhythmia analysis |
73 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
45 |
Adjust speed of different kinds of waves |
67 |
6 |
20 |
7 |
56 |
Pick the appropriate lead for STg monitoring |
67 |
16 |
7 |
10 |
47 |
Freeze and unfreeze waves |
63 |
10 |
20 |
7 |
48 |
Recognize when specific monitoring is needed for specific patient cases (e.g., STg-Segment monitoring, QTn monitoring) |
63 |
14 |
20 |
3 |
49 |
Recognize patient cases when specific monitoring is NOT recommended or clinically insignificant (e.g., in cases of setting STg or QTn monitoring) |
63 |
21 |
13 |
3 |
50 |
Review trended patient data using screen trends |
60 |
16 |
7 |
17 |
51 |
Explain the information displayed in trend windows |
60 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
52 |
Use shortcuts to navigate monitor screens and keys efficiently (e.g., Select Quick Admit Smart Key to quickly admit a patient) |
43 |
27 |
13 |
17 |
53 |
Differentiate/print patient reports available within the monitor |
40 |
20 |
23 |
17 |
54 |
Temporarily disable/re-enable monitor touchscreen operation |
33 |
24 |
23 |
20 |
5. Advanced Functions |
55 |
View hemodynamic, oxygenation, and ventilation calculations |
50 |
13 |
17 |
20 |
56 |
Perform parameters calculations |
37 |
26 |
10 |
27 |
57 |
Access/use the drug calculator from the monitor |
20 |
20 |
17 |
43 |
58 |
Manually enter some data into the monitor (e.g., lab results) |
7 |
29 |
17 |
47 |
59 |
Use sepsis protocol and its guidelines that are within the monitor |
3 |
21 |
13 |
63 |