Table 1: Characteristics of included studies.

First Author and Year Type of Study Number of Participants Participant Sex Mean age (range) in years Diagnoses of Participants Mean Duration of Symptoms (range) in Years
Tsui (1993) [10] Cross-over trial 20 7F
13M
41 (28–58) 20 WC 5.2 (2–14)
Cole (1995) [11] Cross-over trial 10 7F
3M
49 (36–66) 6 WC
2 SC
2 MC
8.5
Kruisdijk (2007) [12] Parallel-group trial BTX-A
group: 20
10F
10M
BTX-A
Group: 48
39 WC BTX-A
Group: 7.4
Placebo: 19 7F
12M
Placebo: 46 Placebo: 9.1

WC = writer's cramp; SC = stenographer’s cramp; MC = musician's cramp; F = females; M = males