| Vertigo | [9] | 
| Deafness | [9, 21] | 
| Trigeminal neuralgia | [9, 28] | 
| Facial hemispasm | [4, 9] | 
| Facial palsy | [9] | 
| Multiple cranial nerve palsy | [25] | 
| Hydrocephalus | [1, 18, 25] | 
| Central alveolar hypoventilation | [10] | 
| SUNCT syndrome | [23] | 
| Locked-in-syndrome with yawning | [16] | 
| Subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhaghe | [5] | 
| Agenesis of the internal carotid arteries | [20] | 
| Stroke | [3, 24] |