| Vertigo | [9] |
| Deafness | [9, 21] |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | [9, 28] |
| Facial hemispasm | [4, 9] |
| Facial palsy | [9] |
| Multiple cranial nerve palsy | [25] |
| Hydrocephalus | [1, 18, 25] |
| Central alveolar hypoventilation | [10] |
| SUNCT syndrome | [23] |
| Locked-in-syndrome with yawning | [16] |
| Subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhaghe | [5] |
| Agenesis of the internal carotid arteries | [20] |
| Stroke | [3, 24] |