Fig. (6) Carduelis xanthogastra stejnegeri. Sexed female. It cannot be confused with C. atrata females which may thrive in the same area (breeding season), usually at a higher altitude, see also Fig. (2, 5). C. atrata females show a full black back; the back is less bright than in the male. Sometimes, both sexes are difficult to distinguish [12]. C. xanthogastra stejnegeri, female (La Paz, Bolivia) photographed by A. Arnaiz-Villena.