Fig. (1) Publication year of principal ophthalmic texts of the 1580’s (Bailey [1, 17], Grassus [3], and Guillemeau [7]), and composite texts [18-20, 23].  Icons representing the components of composite texts are circled.  The eye being couched represents Grassus’ surgical text.  The wine glass represents Bailey’s Treatise, which recommended a moderate lifestyle incorporating wine.  The book represents Guillemeau’s encyclopedic and comprehensive ophthalmic treatise.  The finger near the eye represents Banister’s treatise, which noted the poor prognostic significance of the palpably hard eye.  The crown icon represents the text of William Read, the royal oculist.