Table 2: Independent and significant correlates of elevated serum urea (>7.5 mmol/L) on admission in older patients with hip fracture.

Variables OR 95%CI P value
CKD 7.08 5.61-8.94 <0.001
History of MI 2.25 1.46-3.48 <0.001
PTH>6.8 pmol/L 1.69 1.35-2.12 <0.001
Anaemia (Hb<120g/L) 1.45 1.15-1.83 0.002
Gender (male) 1.63 1.25-2.14 <0.001
Age (year) 1.02 1.00-1.03 0.040

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease (GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2); MI, myocardial infarction; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Hb, haemoglobin; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Notes: The multivariate logistic regression model included all variables with p≤0.100 on univariate analysis as well as hip fracture type (cervical, trochanteric) and pre-admission use of any diuretics (frusemide, thiazides, spironolactone), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin 2-receptor blockers.