Table 2: Clinical characteristics among the four tear size groups.

- Tear size p Value
- Partial (n = 15) Small (n = 22) Medium (n = 41) Large and massive (n = 24)
VAS
   Initial visit 6.5 ± 1.7 5.2 ± 1.6 6.1 ± 2.0 5.8 ± 2.0 0.032a 0.20b
   Final visit 1.2 ± 1.3 0.8 ± 1.6 1.3 ± 1.4 2.4 ± 2.1 0.011b
Constant score
   Initial visit 50.8 ± 15.4 60.0 ± 12.5 54.5 ± 15.4 46.2 ± 13.7 0.33a 0.014b
   Final visit 77.1 ± 10.9 79.2 ± 7.7 77.1 ± 9.0 66.7 ± 13.4 <0.001b
FE
   Initial visit 125.0 ± 24.5 138.2 ± 19.5 131.5 ± 25.7 116.6 ± 33.9 0.54a 0.042b
   Final visit 145.9 ± 10.9 152.0 ± 12.2 147.0 ± 10.9 139.4 ± 17.3 0.013b
ER
   Initial visit 37.0 ± 17.0 44.6 ± 17.7 42.5 ± 14.4 35.5 ± 18.0 0.68a 0.18b
   Final visit 49.6 ± 14.2 53.9 ± 14.6 50.3 ± 12.8 45.6 ± 15.6 0.27b
IR
   Initial visit T12 [T8, L2] T10 [T8, T12] T12 [T8, L2] T12 [T10, L1] 0.65c 0.29d
   Final visit T7 [T6, T12] T8 [T6, T10] T8 [T7, T10] T9 [T8, T10] 0.28d
Duration (months) 3.1 [1.8, 7.3] 4.1 [2.2, 7.0] 3.0 [2.0, 5.3] 3.0 [2.5, 5.3] 0.82d
Operated shoulders 1 (7) 0 3 (7) 3 (13) 0.42e

VAS, Constant score, FE, and ER are presented as mean ± standard deviation; IR and treatment duration as median [interquartile range]; operated shoulders as n (%).
Partial, partial tear group; Small, small tear group; Medium, medium tear group; Large and massive, large and massive tear group; VAS, visual analogue scale; FE, forward elevation; ER, external rotation; IR, internal rotation.
aRepeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for group * time interaction; bone-way ANOVA; cgeneralized estimating equations for group * time interaction; dKruskal-Wallis test; ePearson’s chi-square test.