Continuous Outcome |
POD1-Group |
POD2-Group |
p-Value |
Median |
Mean |
95% CI |
Median |
Mean |
95% CI |
Length of stay (in days)*
|
3 |
3.2 |
(3.1, 3.4) |
4 |
4.0 |
(3.7, 4.4) |
<0.001 |
Pain scores at post-op day 2 (0-10, 10 worse)†
|
7 |
6.4 |
(5.6, 7.2) |
7 |
6.8 |
(6.0, 7.6) |
0.445 |
Continuous passive motion (in degrees) at post-op day 2†
|
55 |
49.6 |
(40.4, 58.8) |
70 |
64.9 |
(55.3, 74.6) |
0.031 |
Distance walked (in feet) on post-op day 2†
|
10 |
37.9 |
(24.3, 51.5) |
3 |
9.3 |
(2.5, 16.1) |
< 0.001 |
Passive flexion (in degrees) at POD1†
|
68 |
66.0 |
(61.6, 70.4) |
80 |
73.4 |
(67.3, 79.5) |
0.045 |
Passive flexion (in degrees) at discharge†
|
80 |
75.9 |
(71.3, 80.5) |
88 |
81.9 |
(77.0, 86.9) |
0.078 |
Change in passive flexion (degrees)†, ‡
|
11.5 |
11.1 |
(6.1, 16.1) |
6 |
9.2 |
(1.3, 17.0) |
0.665 |
Passive extension (degrees lacking full extension) at POD1†
|
10 |
9.5 |
(7.3, 11.7) |
5 |
5.5 |
(3.7, 7.4) |
0.013 |
Passive extension (degrees lacking full extension) at discharge†
|
5 |
7.1 |
(4.7, 9.4) |
3.5 |
3.9 |
(2.2, 5.5) |
0.047 |
Change in passive extension (in degrees)†, ‡
|
2 |
2.7 |
(1.0, 4.3) |
0 |
1.5 |
(-0.6, 3.5) |
0.356 |
Categorical Outcome |
N |
% |
95% CI |
N |
% |
95% CI |
p-value |
Independent or minimally assisted walking at discharge§
|
42 |
76.4% |
(65.1, 87.6) |
24 |
72.7% |
(57.5, 87.9) |
0.703 |
Discharged to rehab§
|
32 |
58.2% |
(45.2, 71.2) |
21 |
61.8% |
(45.4, 78.1) |
0.738 |
95% CI in parentheses.
* The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to make comparisons between groups.
† Independent samples t-test was used to make comparisons between groups.
‡ Positive values represent an improvement in passive flexion or extension.
§ Chi-square test of independence was used to make comparisons between groups.