Fig. (3) Algorithm of the torque measurement using the DensiProbe. The application is adapted to the standard tools of the PHILOS plate. A custom made caliper is used to measure the distance between the flat surface on the drill sleeve and the humeral head surface (a). The drill is set to -28mm (b, c) and the DensiProbe to -3mm (d) to that distance to ensure measurement in a 25 mm cylinder of undrilled cancellous bone at a 3mm subchondral distance (e, f).