Table 2: Risk factors for avascular vertebral osteonecrosis.

Osteoporosis Structural failure/ increased intraosseous pressure/vascular compromise
Steroid therapy Fatty tissue accumulation/crushing of the intramedullary vessels/ microscopic fat emboli in the end-arteries/secondary osteoporosis
Hemoglobinopathies Vascular occlusion/ischemia
Vasculitides Vascular occlusion/ischemia
Diabetes Unknown
Alcoholism Microscopic fat emboli in the end-arteries
Cushing’s disorder Microscopic fat emboli in the end-arteries
Malignancy Unknown
Infection Unknown
Post-radiation changes Direct cytotoxic effect with damage to vascularity
Pancreatitis Pancreatic lipase in systemic circulation/Fat necrosis of bone marrow/ vascular compression/ microscopic fat emboli
Cirrhosis Unknown
Sarcoidosis Unknown
Gaucher type 1 Accumulation of glycosyl ceramide in Gaucher cells/ marrow infiltration/vascular compromise