Table 5: Effect of gender on PPS measure (n=44). Both threshold and tolerance tests were done on 4 LOCATIONS (C2, C5, Up- Trap and shin bone) in each side of neck-shoulder and leg area.

Test Variables Male, Mean ± SD Female, Mean ± SD Mean Difference (Male-Female) P Value
Test location: Cervical spine level two (C2)
Left Threshold 5.3 ± 2.2 3.9 ± 1.6 1.4 .02
Left Tolerance 9.4 ± 4.2 6 ± 2.5 3.3 .03
Right Threshold 5.7 ± 3.0 4.2 ± 1.7 1.5 .14
Right Tolerance 9.3 ± 5.5 5.9 ± 2.5 3.5 .07
Test location: Cervical spine level six (C6)
Left Threshold 6.1 ± 2.5 4.2 ± 1.8 1.9 .01
Left Tolerance 9.9 ± 5 6.5 ± 3.3 3.4 .06
Right Threshold 7.1 ± 3.7 4.5 ± 1.8 2.6 .04
Right Tolerance 10.8 ± 4.6 6.4 ± 3.0 4.1 .05
Test location: Upper Trapezium muscle (UpTrap)
Left Threshold 10.8 ± 4.6 7.7 ± 3.4 3.1 .02
Left Tolerance 16.8 ± 7.2 11.9 ± 5.3 4.9 .02
Right Threshold 11.4 ± 5 7.7 ± 3.8 3.7 .01
Right Tolerance 17.5 ± 7.3 12.2 ± 6.7 5.4 .03
Test location: Anterior aspect of Tibia (Shin bone)
Left Threshold 6 ± 1.9 4.2 ± 1.9 1.8 .01
Left Tolerance 9.5 ± 3.5 6.5 ± 3.4 2.9 .02
Right Threshold 5.8 ± 2 4.6 ± 1.6 1.2 .05
Right Tolerance 8.4 ± 3.4 6.7 ± 2.9 1.7 .12

Abbreviation/Symbol: SD = Standard Deviation; Significant mean differences and p values are bolded.