| Variable | Normal | Pre-diabetes | Diabetes | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||
| ≤ 24 years | 185 (86) | 25 (11.6) | 5 (2.3) | |
| 25-34 | 1031 (87.4) | 126 (10.7) | 22 (1.9) | |
| 35-44 | 1388 (83.4) | 197 (11.8) | 80 (4.8) | 0.000 |
| 45-54 | 1136 (81.3) | 157 (11.2) | 105 (7.5) | |
| 55-64 | 235 (71.0) | 58 (17.5) | 38 (11.5) | |
| ≥ 65 | 9 (64.3) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1917 (83.8) | 248 (10.8) | 122 (5.3) | |
| Female | 2078 (82.3) | 315 (12.5) | 315 (5.2) | 0.213 |
| Level of Education | ||||
| No formal education | 48 (82.8) | 5 (8.6) | 5 (8.6) | |
| Primary education | 442 (78.8) | 71 (12.7) | 48 (8.6) | |
| Secondary Education | 1048 (83.7) | 141 (11.3) | 63 (5.0) | 0.008 |
| Tertiary Education | 1507 (84.8) | 194 (10.9) | 77 (4.3) | |
| Post-Graduate Education | 746 (82.4) | 114 (12.6) | 45 (5.0) | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 820 (88.0) | 89 (9.5) | 23 (2.5) | |
| Married | 2933 (81.9) | 433 (12.1) | 217 (6.1) | 0.000 |
| Widowed | 107 (82.3) | 18 (13.8) | 5 (3.8) | |
| Separated | 31 (83.8) | 4 (10.8) | 2 (5.4) | |
| Grade Level | ||||
| Junior staff | 960 (83.2) | 133 (11.5) | 61 (5.3) | |
| Middle level | 1767 (83.6) | 237 (11.2) | 109 (5.2) | 0.263 |
| Senior level | 561 (80.5) | 86 (12.3) | 50 (7.2) | |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||
| Smoked | 105 (76.6) | 23 (16.8) | 9 (6.6) | |
| Never smoked | 3778 (83.1) | 531 (11.7) | 238 (5.2) | 0.237 |
| No response | 113 (86.3) | 11 (8.4) | 7 (5.3) | |
| Consume red meat daily | ||||
| Yes | 1283 (83.0) | 191 (12.4) | 71 (4.6) | |
| No | 2018 (82.5) | 282 (11.5) | 145 (5.9) | 0.277 |
| Not sure | 695 (84.2) | 92 (11.2) | 38 (4.6) | |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 353 (86.7) | 41 (10.1) | 13 (3.2) | |
| No | 3363 (82.6) | 486 (11.9) | 222 (5.5) | 0.232 |
| Not sure | 280 (83.1) | 38 (11.3) | 19 (5.6) | |
| Spend up to 8 hours daily in sitting position | ||||
| Yes | 973 (82.2) | 138 (11.7) | 73 (6.2) | |
| No | 2608 (83.3) | 368 (11.8) | 154 (4.9) | 0.612 |
| Not sure | 415 (82.8) | 59 (11.8) | 27 (5.4) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight | 98 (91.6) | 9 (8.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 1724 (87.5) | 185(9.4) | 62 (3.1) | |
| Overweight | 1313 (80.9) | 206 (12.7) | 103 (6.4) | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 643 (77.3) | 125 (15.0) | 64 (7.7) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 1344 (80.0) | 190 (11.3) | 145 (8.6) | 0.000 |
| No | 2648 (84.5) | 375 (12.0) | 109 (3.5) | |
| Not sure |