| Outsourcing | Not Out Sourcing | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perception about out sourcing benefits | ||||
| Cost management (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 0.3906 | 0.6990 |
| Greater focus (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 0.4720 | 0.6405 |
| Flexibility (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
| Access to external expertise/investment or innovation (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 0.3691 | 0.7147 |
| Perception about out sourcing risks | ||||
| Strategic risks (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 1.9213 | 0.0642 |
| Commercial risks (Likert item) | 22 | 9 | 1.5763 | 0.1150 |
| Operational risks(Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | 0.2194 | 0.8279 |
| Perception about service characteristics | ||||
| Criticality (Likert item) | 23 | 9 | -0.4563 | 0.6482 |
| Frequency of need (Likert item) | 23 | 9 | -1.1727 | 0.2409 |
| Availability(Likert item) | 23 | 9 | -1.0454 | 0.2958 |
| Measurability (Likert item) | 23 | 9 | -0.7807 | 0.4350 |
| Perception about outsourcing barriers | ||||
| Organizational/internal barriers (Likert scale) | 21 | 9 | -0.2975 | 0.7682 |
| External/Contextual barriers (Likert item) | 21 | 9 | 0.7252 | 0.4683 |