| Characteristics | < 4 ANC (%) | ≥ 4 ANC (%) | p value | OR | (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n= 191) | (n=137) | Lower | Upper | |||
| Caste type | ||||||
| Terai Dalit | 185 (96.9) | 111 (81.0) | 1 | |||
| Hill Dalit | 6 (3.1) | 26 (19.0) | <0.001 | 7.22 | 2.883 | 18.09 |
| Mother's age in year | ||||||
| ≥20 | 157 (82.2) | 103 (75.2) | 1 | |||
| < 20 | 34 (17.8) | 34 (24.8) | 0.124 | 1.52 | 0.891 | 2.606 |
| Family size | ||||||
| ≥6 | 136 (71.2) | 96 (70.1) | 1 | |||
| <6 | 55 (28.8) | 41 (29.9) | 0.824 | 1.06 | 0.653 | 1.709 |
| Family type | ||||||
| Joint or extended | 135 (70.7) | 91 (66.4) | 1 | |||
| Nuclear | 56 (29.3) | 46 (33.6) | 0.412 | 1.22 | 0.76 | 1.954 |
| Mother's education | ||||||
| No | 173 (90.6) | 84(61.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 18 (9.4) | 53 (38.7) | <0.001 | 6.06 | 3.345 | 10.99 |
| Husband's education | ||||||
| No | 136 (71.2) | 56 (40.9) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 55 (28.8) | 81 (59.1) | <0.001 | 3.58 | 2.252 | 5.681 |
| Women autonomy | ||||||
| Lowest | 54 (28.3) | 35 (25.5) | 1 | |||
| Middle | 61 (31.9) | 70 (51.1) | 0.041 | 1.77 | 1.025 | 3.058 |
| Highest | 76 (39.8) | 32 (23.4) | 0.154 | 0.65 | 0.359 | 1.175 |
| Practice from traditional healers | ||||||
| Yes | 161 (84.3) | 108 (78.8) | 1 | |||
| No | 30 (15.7) | 29 (21.2) | 0.205 | 1.44 | 0.819 | 2.537 |
| Mother's occupation | ||||||
| Daily wage | 57 (29.8) | 5 (3.6) | 1 | |||
| Non-daily wage | 134 (70.2) | 132 (96.4) | <0.001 | 11.2 | 4.364 | 28.9 |
| Husband's occupation | ||||||
| Daily wage | 167 (87.4) | 96 (70.1) | 1 | |||
| Non-daily wage | 24 (12.6) | 41 (29.9) | <0.001 | 2.97 | 1.693 | 5.217 |
| Wealth status | ||||||
| 1 Lowest) | 80 (41.9) | 29 (21.2) | 1 | |||
| 2 (middle) | 71 (37.2) | 38 (27.7) | 0.187 | 1.48 | 0.827 | 2.635 |
| 3 (Highest) | 40 (20.9) | 70 (51.1) | <0.001 | 4.83 | 2.715 | 8.585 |
| Time to reach nearest ANC site | ||||||
| >30 Min | 44 (23.0) | 40(29.2) | 1 | |||
| ≤ 30 Min | 147 (77.0) | 97 (70.8) | 0.208 | 0.726 | 0.441 | 1.196 |
| Availability of motorized transport | ||||||
| No | 149 (78.0) | 84 (61.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 42 (22.0) | 53 (38.7) | 0.001 | 2.238 | 1.378 | 3.636 |
| Perceive of “good quality” ANC | ||||||
| No | 176 (92.1) | 88 (64.2) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 15 (7.9) | 49 (35.8) | <0.001 | 6.533 | 3.471 | 12.297 |
| Parity of mother | ||||||
| Multiparous | 157 (82.2) | 91 (66.4) | 1 | |||
| Primiparous | 34 (17.8) | 46 (33.6) | 0.001 | 2.334 | 1.397 | 3.899 |
| Planning of last pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 129 (67.5) | 56 (40.9) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 62 (32.5) | 81 (59.1) | <0.001 | 3.01 | 1.908 | 4.747 |
| Advised for HF delivery | ||||||
| No | 146 (76.4) | 43 (31.4) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 45 (23.6) | 94 (68.6) | <0.001 | 7.093 | 4.337 | 11.598 |
| Association of mother in mother's group/ network | ||||||
| No | 153 (80.1) | 78 (56.9) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 38 (19.9) | 59 (43.1) | <0.001 | 3.046 | 1.865 | 4.974 |
| Heard about SDIP | ||||||
| No | 117 (61.3) | 36 (26.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 74(38.7) | 101(73.7) | <0.001 | 4.436 | 2.747 | 7.162 |
| Exposure to maternal health message | ||||||
| No | 167 (87.4) | 69 (50.4) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 24 (12.6) | 68 (49.6) | <0.001 | 6.857 | 3.983 | 11.807 |
| Absence of HWs in health facilities | ||||||
| Yes | 69 (36.1) | 32 (23.4) | 1 | |||
| No | 122 (63.9) | 105 (76.6) | 0.014 | 1.856 | 1.133 | 3.041 |
| Perception of HW behavior as discriminatory | ||||||
| Yes | 91 (47.6) | 29 (21.2) | 1 | |||
| No | 100 (52.4) | 108 (78.8) | <0.001 | 3.389 | 2.058 | 5.58 |
| Exposure to FCHV | ||||||
| No | 60 (31.4) | 10 (7.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 131 (68.6) | 127 (92.7) | <0.001 | 5.817 | 2.852 | 11.862 |