| POC NAME | MEASURED PARAMETERS | TEST TIME | IMPRECISION | ACCURACY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Clini5 (Callegari S.r.l., Parma, Italy) [7] |
TC, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, Hb, HCT, RBC, UA, lac | 10 - 180 seconds | CV = 1.37 - 5.38% | r = 0.75 - 0.99 |
| FORT, FORD, Redox Index, ALT, AST and AST/ALT | 5 - 10 minutes | |||
| LeadCare II blood lead analyser® (Magellan Diagnostics, USA) [8] | lead | 3 minutes | CV = 1.7 - 1.8% | r = 0.94 |
| Spotchem EZ® (Menarini, Italy) [9] | TP, ALB, CR, TB | 5 minutes | CV = 1.9 - 4.7% | r = 0.97- 0.99 |
| iSTAT creatinine test® (Abbott, USA) [10-14] | hct, TCO2, pO2, pCO2, Na+, K+, Cl–, lac, cardiac markers, coagulation factors | 3 minutes | CV = 0.4 -3.4% | r = 0.99 |
| StatStrip Lactate® (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) [15-17] | fetal scalp lac | 13 seconds | CV = 5.72% | r = 0.99 |
| iSTAT-1® (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) [18-21] | lac | 2 minutes | CV = 3.1 - 7.27% | r = 0.94 - 0.97 |
| StatStrip-Lactate® (Abbott, Princeton, USA) [18, 22, 23] | lac | 13 seconds | CV = 2.6 - 5.1% | r = 0.90 |
| qLabs Electrometer Plus® (Micropoint Biotechnologies) [24] | PT, INR, aPTT | 7 minutes | CV = 5% | r = 0.71 - 0.90 |
| IRMA (DIAMETRICS, ChemoMedica-Austria, Vienna, Austria) [25, 26] | pH, pCO2, pO2, Na+, K+, iCa+, HCO3−, CO2, TCO2, BEb, BEecf, O2SAT |
< 2 minutes | CV = 0.2 - 1.9% | r = 0.97- 0.99 |
| GEM Premier 3000/4000 (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA) [4, 20, 25, 27, 28] | tHb, COHb, MetHb, O2Hb, HHb, Na+, K+, Cl–, Ca2+, glucose, lac, hct | 95 seconds | CV = 0.2 - 4.0% | r > 0.92 |
| Stat Profile Critical Care Xpress analyzer (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) [25, 29] | pH, pCO2, pO2, glucose, urea, CR, Na+, K+, Cl-, iCa, iMg, tHb, O2Hb, COHb, HHB, MetHB, SO2 | 52 seconds | CV = from < 5.7 to 13.8% | r = 0.91 - 0.97 |
| Rapidpoint 405 (Siemens Healthcare, Sudbury, UK) [25, 30] | pH, pCO2, pO2, Na+, K+, Cl-, glucose, hct, tHb, HHb, O2Hb, SO2, COHb, MetHB, TB | 1 minute | CV = from 0 to > 2.4% | r = 0.94 - 1.04 |
| ABL 700/725/825/90-FLEX (Radiometer Medical A/S, Bronshoj, Denmark) [25, 31, 32] | pH, pCO2, pO2, cK+, cNa+, cCl-, cCa2+, ctHb, sO2, FO2Hb, FCOHb, FMetHb, FHH, FHbF, ctBil, glucose, lac |
35 seconds | CV = < 3% | r = 0.87 |
| Cobas b 123 (Roche Diagnostics, Graz, Austria) [25, 33] | pCO2, pO2, iCa2+, K+, glucose, lac, tHb | 2 minutes | CV = 0 - 6% | r = 0.89 - 0.99 |
| Nova Lactate plus (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) [25, 34] | lac | 13 seconds | CV = 0% | r = 0.99 |
| Rapid lab 865 (Siemens, Germany) [25, 35] | pH, pO2, pCO2, Ca2+, Na+, K+, glucose, lac, Hb | 1 minute | CV = from < 2 to < 3% | r = 0.96 - 0.99 |
| iSTAT-1 (Hewlett Packard, Les Ulis, France) [36] | Na+, K+, Cl–, glucose, urea, nitrogen, hact, PO2, PCO2, pH |
< 2 minutes | CV < 10% | r = 0.83 - 0.98 |
| Stat Sensor® (Nova biomedical, Waltham, USA) [37-40] | CR | 30 seconds | CV = 6.4 - 8.9% | r = 0.99 |
| STAT-Site® M Hgb (POCD, Australia) [41] | Hb | 50 - 120 seconds | CV = 2.9 - 4.2% | r = 0.96 |
| Nova 16 Electrolyte/Chemistry Analyzers® (NovaBiomedical, USA) [42] | Na+, K+, Cl-, TCO2, Ca2+, Mg2+ Li2+, TCa, glucose, BUN, CR, hct, pH | 36 seconds | CV = 0.4 - 26% | r = 0.90 - 0.99 |
| Microsemi CRP® (HORIBA, Japan) [43] | blood cell count | 4 minutes | CV = 5 - 10% | r ≥ 0.99 |
| BR-501® (Apel, Japan) [44] | TBL | Few seconds | CV = 5% | r = 0.93 |
| Accusport® (Boehringer Ingelheim,USA) [45-48] | lac | 1 minute | CV = 4.6 - 7% | r = 0.99 |
| Accutrend® Lactate (Accusport International) [49, 50] | lac | 1 minute | CV = 1.8 -3.3% | r = 1.03 |
| Accutrend® Plus (Roche Diagnostics, Belgium) [51, 52] | TC, TG, glucose, lac | 3 minutes | CV = 3.4 - 3.7% | r ≥ 0.80 |
| BeneCheck® Plus (General Life Biotechnology Ltd, Taiwan) | TC, glucose, uric acid | 30 seconds | CV = 3.1 - 6.9% | r = 0.89 |
| Piccolo xpress® Chemistry Analyzer (Abaxis Inc, USA) [53, 54] | Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, TCO2, AST, ALT, TBL, ALP, BUN, CR, ALB, TP, glucose | 12 minutes | CV = 0 - 5.6% | r = 0.98 |
| CardioChek® PA (Polymer Technology Systems Inc, USA) [55-58] | TC, HDL cholesterol, TG, direct LDL, glucose, ketones, CR | < 2 minutes | CV = 4.4 - 7.4% | r > 0.84 |
| Cholestech® LDX (Alere, USA) [55, 57, 59] | TC, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, glucose | 5 minutes | CV = 2.6 - 6.2% | r > 0.90 |
| Reflotron Plus® (Roche Diagnostics, Belgium) [60] | K+, CR, CK, α-Amylase, Hb, pancreatic amylase, glucose, Urea, AST/GOT, TC, ALT/GPT, TG, γ-GT, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, TBL, LDL, cholesterol, ALP/GOT | 2-3 minutes | CV = 5% | r = 0.98 |
| HPS MultiCare (Biochemical System International, Arezzo, Italy) [61] | TC, TG | 2-3 minutes | CV = 4.51% | r = 0.94 - 0.99 |
| CoaguChek® XS Plus (Roche Diagnostics, Belgium) [61-76] | INR | < 1 minute | CV = 2% | r = 0.96 |
| PlaCor PRT® (PlaCor, Inc.) [77, 78] | shear-induced platelet aggregation | 10 minutes | CV = 12.9% | r = -0.05 - 0.19 |
| VerifyNow® P2Y12 (Accumetrics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) [79, 80] | Platelet response to P2Y12 inhibitor | 10 minutes | CV = 8% | r = 0.66 |
| ROTEM® (Tem International GmbH, Germany) [81] | platelet function | 5-10 minutes | CV = 1.2 - 4.4% | r = 0.99 |
| FRAS 4 EVOLVO (H&D, Parma, Italy) [82] | plasma antioxidant power | 2-5 minutes | CV = 4.17% | r = 0.99 |
| CompoLab™ (Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany) | Hb | < 2 seconds | ||
| Spinit (Biosurfit SA, Lisboa, Portugal) [83] | CRP, hct, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes | < 12 minutes | CV = 1.8 -10.1% | r = 0.83 - 0.99 |
| HemoScreen (PixCell Medical Technologies, Yokneam Ilit, Israel) [84] | WBC, RBC, HGB, hct, PLT, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils | 5 minutes | CV = 0.58 - 39.4% | r = 0.82 - 0.96 |
|
Radical-7 Pulse Co-Oximeter (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, USA) [85] |
SpHb | Few seconds | CV = 2.8% | r = 0.97 |
| StatStrip Xpress Lactate Meter (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) [86] | lac | 13 seconds | CV = 5 - 9% | r = 0.97 - 0.98 |
| Pronto-7 (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, USA) [20, 86, 87] | Hb | Few seconds | CV = 1.5% | r = 0.83 |
| Liaison® Calprotectin (Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy) [88, 89] | calprotectin | 35 minutes | CV = 2.8 - 4.7% | r = 0.95 |
| Quantum Blue® (Bühlmann-Alere®) [89, 90] | calprotectin | 12-15 minutes | CV = 22% | r = 0.94 |
| Mission® (Acon biotech, San Diego, USA) [91] | hct | < 15 seconds | CV = -5.5 - 5.1% | r = 0.93 |
| B-722 LAQUAtwin (Lt, Horiba, Japan) [92] | Na+ | Few seconds | CV = -0.4 - 0.2% | r = 0.99 |
| HemoCue® WBC DIFF (HemoCue®, Sweden) [26] | eosinophils | 5 minutes | CV = 1 - 13.7% | r = 0.85 |
| Rainbow R20L® (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, USA) [71] | Hb | Few seconds | CV = 2.8% | r = 0.97 |
| B.R.A.H.M.S PCT direct™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, USA) [93] | PCT | 25 minutes | CV < 20% | r = 0.96 |
|
ABSOGEN™ (Bumyoungbio, Inc., Suwon, Korea) [94] |
PCT | 10 minutes | CV < 15% | r = 0.85 |
| LABGEO PT10 (Samsung healthcare, Korea) [95] | ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, TBL, glucose, GGT, TP, TC, HDL, TG, CR, amylase, BUN, LDL |
10 minutes | CV = -22.8 - 54.0% | r > 0.95 |
| HEMOCHRON® Jr. Signature+ (International Technidyne Corporation, Edison, USA) [96] | INR | Few minutes | CV ≤ 10% | r = 0.92 |
| Proxima™ (Sphere Medical Ltd, Harston, UK) [97] | pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, BE, K+, Hct | < 4 minutes | CV = 2.4 - 251% | r = 0.90 - 2.04 |
| VerOFy®& LIAM™ (Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, USA) [98] | Salivary cortisol | 20 minutes | CV = 7% | r = 0.95 |
| INRatioTM (Alere, Hemosense, Milton Keynes, UK) [99] | INR | 1 minute | CV = 5% | r = 0.73 |
| TrueHb (Wrig Nanosystems PVT. Ltd, New Delhi, India) [100] | Hb | < 1 minute | CV = 2.2% | r = 0.99 |
| NBM-200 (OrSense ltd, NesZiona, Israel) [101] | Hb | < 1 minute | CV = 4.28% | r = 0.89 |
| FIA8000 (GeTein BioMedical Inc., Portland, USA) [102] | CysC, mAlb, NGAL, ß2-MG, hs-CRP, PCT | 10-20 minutes | CV = 1% | r = 0.99 |
| ProTime InRhythmTM System (Accriva Diagnostics, Inc, San Diego, USA) [103, 104] | INR | < 1 minute | CV = 5.1% | r = 0.97 |
| Spotchem® EL (Elitech-Arkray, Kyoto, Japan) [105] | Sweat Cl- | 1 minute | CV < 5% | r = 0.96 |
| Aution® Micro (Menarini Diagnostics, Florence, Italy) [106] | UBG, TB, protein, nitrite, ketones, glucose, pH, specific gravity and leucocytes | 1 minute | N/A | r = 0.80 |
| Combur-Test® strips (Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland) [107, 108] | ALB, specific gravity, protein, glucose, leukocytes, nitrites, pH, Hb, ketones, TB, UBG | 1 minute | CV = 1.7 - 4.9% | r = 0.92 |
| ICR–001® (Techno Medica Co, Japan) [109] | urinary 8-oxodG | 5 minutes | CV < 13% | r = 0.98 |
| Radiometer AQT90 FLEX. PCT assay (Neuilly-Plaisance, France) [110] | PCT | 19 minutes | CV < 10% | r = 0.99 |
| EasyTouch® GU (Bioptik Technology, Inc., Jhunan, Taiwan) [111] | serum uric acid | 20 seconds | CV = 8.6 - 26.3% | r = 0.27 |
| BeneCheckTM Plus (General Life Biotechnology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan) [111] | serum uric acid | 15 seconds | CV= 3.1 - 6.9% | r = 0.71 |
| HumaSensplus (HUMAN, Wiesbaden, Germany) [111] | serum uric acid | 15 seconds | CV = 4.5 - 8.0% | r = 0.75 |
| UASure (Apex Biotechnology, Hsinchu, Taiwan) [111] | serum uric acid | 30 seconds | CV ) 9.5 - 31.2% | r = 0.16 |
| i-Stat (Abbott Laboratories, Abbot Park, IL) [112] | Hb | 15 minutes | N/A | r = 0.67 |
| Cobas® b221 (Roche Diagnostics, Belgium) [113] | TCO2, pO2, pCO2, Na+, K+, Cl–, CO-oximetry and metabolites | < 2 minutes | CV = 0.1 - 8% | r = 0.99 |
| FastPack® IP System (Sekisui Diagnostics, LLC, Lexington, USA) [114] | αGST | 12 minutes | CV = 7.9 - 14.1% | r = 0.99 |