Table 5: Commercially available POC devices for viral infections detection.

POC NAME MEASURED PARAMETERS TEST TIME IMPRECISION ACCURACY
INSTITM (bioLytical Laboratories, Richmond BC) [176, 177] HIV-1/2 antibodies 10 minutes N/A r = 0.99
MBioTM (MBio Diagnostics, USA) [178] CD4 count 10 minutes CV = 8.1% r = 0.97
VISITECT® (Omega Diagnostics Ltd, Scotland, UK) [179] CD4 count 40 minutes CV = 15% r = 0.98
Alere q 1/2 Detect (Alere Healthcare, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) [180-182] HIV nucleic acids 56 minutes CV = 5.58% r = 0.99
Cobas® Liat® system
(Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, USA) [183-186]		 Influenza A/B nucleic acid 20 minutes CV = 0.9 - 2.9% r = 0.98
SAMBA I and II (Diagnostics for the Real World Ltd., Cambridge, UK) [187, 188] HIV-1 nucleic acid 90 minutes N/A r = 0.99
OraQuick ADVANCE® (OraSure Technologies, Inc., Bethlehem, USA) [189-191] HIV-1/2 antibodies 20 minutes N/A N/A
Dual Path Platform (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc, Medford, NY, USA) [192-194] HIV/HCV Antibody 15 - 25 minutes CV = 0.47% N/A
SD Bioline (Standard Diagnostics Yongin, Korea) [195] anti-HCV antibody 5 minutes CV = 0% r = 0.83
Bioeasy® (Bioeasy Diagno´stica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) [196, 197] anti-HCV antibody 10-15 minutes N/A N/A
Hexagon® (Human Diagnostics
Worldwide, Wiesbaden, Germany) [198, 199]		 anti-HCV antibody 5-20 minutes N/A N/A
Genedia® Rapid LF (Green Cross Medical Science, Yongin, Korea) [200] anti-HCV antibody 20-30 minutes N/A r = 0.83
Diagnos® Bi-Dot (Mitra, New Delhi, India) [198] anti-HCV antibody 3 minutes CV < 20% N/A
HCV Spot® (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, California, USA) [201] anti-HCV antibody 2 minutes N/A r = 0.93
SM-HCV (SERO-Med, Germany) [202] anti-HCV antibody 10 minutes N/A N/A
Ab rapid test (Tema Ricerca, Italy) [203] anti-HCV antibody < 3 minutes N/A N/A
Orthopox® Bio Threat Alert assay (Tetracore, USA) [204] anti-OPV antibody 15 minutes N/A N/A
Clearview® Exact Influenza A+B (Alere, USA) [205, 206] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A N/A
Directigen® EZ Flu A+B (Becton, Dickinson, & Co. Diagnostics, USA) [207-209] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes CV = 4 - 4.5% r = 0.78
QuickVue® Influenza A+B (Quidel Corp, USA) [210, 211] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 10 minutes N/A r = 0.81
3M Rapid Detection® Flu A+B (3M, USA) [212] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A N/A
OSOM® Influenza A&B (Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd, Japan) [213] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 10 minutes N/A r = 0.95
Influenzatop® (All.Diag, France) [214] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 10 minutes N/A r = 0.78
Actim® Influenza A&B (Medix Biochemica, Finland) [215, 216] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 10 minutes N/A r = 0.81
Influ-A&B Respi-Strip® (Coris BioConcept, Belgium) [216, 217] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A r = 0.81
Quick® Ex-Flu/ Quick® S- Influ A/B (Denka Seiken Co Ltd, Japan) [216] Detection of influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A r = 0.86
Espline® Influenza A&B-N (Fujirebio, Japan) [205] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A N/A
Rockeby® Influenza A Antigen (Rockeby, Singapore) [218] influenza A and B nucleoprotein antigens 15 minutes N/A N/A
Merlin® dengue (Merlin, Diagnostika GmbH, Bornheim, Germany) [219] Dengue virus IgM antibody 10 minutes N/A r = 0.79
Dengue Duo® (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea) [220, 221] Dengue virus IgM antibody 15-20 minutes CV = 3% r = 0.86
Biosynex® Immunoquick dengue (Biosynex, France) [219] Dengue virus IgM antibody 15 minutes N/A N/A
Bio-Rad® NS1 antigen strip (Bio-Rad, France) [222] Dengue virus IgA antibody < 15 minutes N/A r = 0.77
Panbio® Dengue (Inverness, Australia) [222] Dengue virus IgA antibody 10-20 minutes N/A r = 0.66
Pima™ CD4 (Alere Inc, Waltham, MA, USA) [223, 224] CD4 testing 20 minutes CV = 4.0 -17% r = 0.89
Liat™ HIV Quant (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Branchburg, USA) [225] HIV-1 nucleic acid 30 minutes CV = 1.8 - 2.7% r = 0.96
GeneXpert® HIV-1 Quant (Cepheid Innovations Pvt. Ltd., USA) [226, 227] HIV-1 nucleic acid 90 minutes CV = 3.52 - 4.15% r = 0.88
Xpert® HIV-1 (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) [228] HIV-1 nucleic acid 90 minutes CV < 3% r = 0.96
Dengue DAY 1 Test (J. Mitra & Co., India) [229] NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG 20 minutes N/A N/A
Simplexa HSV1 & 2 Direct kit (DIASORIN MOLECULAR LLC, Cypress, USA) [230, 231] HSV1 and HSV2 nucleic acids 75 minutes CV = 1.8 - 3.9% r = 0.84 - 0.89
ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test (Autoimmune Technologies, New Orleans, USA) [232, 233] Ebola virus rVP40 antigen 15–25 minutes N/A r = 0.96
Aeonose® (The eNose Company, Zutphen, The
Netherlands) [234]		 viral infections in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 15 minutes N/A r = 0.74
i RSV test (Alere Inc. Waltham, USA) [235] RSV nucleic acid 13 minutes N/A N/A
EBOLA Ag K-SeT (Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, BELGIUM) [236] Ebola virus VP40 viral matrix protein 15 minutes N/A N/A
HIV Combo (Alere Inc. Waltham, USA) [237, 238] HIV core protein p24 20 minutes CV = 3.6 - 24.11% r = 0.98
VIKIA® Rota-Adeno (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) [239] rotavirus structural protein VP6 10 minutes CV = 3.6 - 12.5% r = 0.99
GeneXpert® (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) [240] MPXV nucleic acid < 90 minutes N/A N/A
FACSPresto (Becton Dickinson Biosciences, NJ, USA) [241, 242] CD4 120 minutes CV = 9.79% r = 0.91

(HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HCV = Hepatitis C Virus; OPV = orthopoxvirus; NS1 = Nonstructural Protein 1; HSV = Herpes Simplex Virus; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus; MPXV = Monkeypox virus).