Table 1: Summary of the cognitive perspective of health behaviour.

Model / Theory Definition Constructs
Information Environment Awareness Motivation Barriers Action
Perception Cues to Action Attitude Social Influence / Subjective Norm Self-Efficacy / Behavioural skills Intention Behaviour
Health Belief Model (HBM) [46] Studies the relationship between the health behaviours of individuals and medical and public health services. Considers relevant factors as 1) perceived susceptibility, 2) perceived severity, 3) perceived threat, 4) perceived benefits and barriers, and 5) cues to action. - - / - - - - / - /
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) [48] Used to evaluate health information awareness that leads to prevention methods. The related factors are: 1) perceived severity, 2) perceived susceptibility, 3) response efficacy and 4) self-efficacy. - - / - - - / - / /
Social-Cognitive Theory (SCT) [47] Used to study behavioural changes resulting from learning, by observing or imitating. The relevant factors are 1) personal, 2) environment, and 3) behaviour. - / - - - - - - - /
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) [49] Used to study changes in personal behaviour considering the rational actions caused by, 1) attitude toward behaviour, and 2) subjective norm. - - - - / / - - / /
Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) [50] Used to study changes in behaviour of individuals resulting from intentions that lead to behaviours caused by, 1) attitude, 2) subjective norm, and 3) perceived behavioural control. - - / - / / - - / /
Attitude-Social influences- Self-Efficacy (ASE-model) [51] Used to describe various health behaviours. The relevant factors are, 1) attitude, 2) social influence and 3) self-efficacy. - - - - / / / - / /
Information Motivation Behavioural skills theory (IMB) [52] Used to study the changing behaviour of individuals by considering information, motivation and behavioural skills that result in changes in the behaviour of individuals. / - - - / / / - - /