Table 7: Effect of explanatory variables on clinical complications after multiple imputations.

Factor Odds Ratio (CI) Standard Error p-value
Sex
Female
Male
Ref
1.20 (0.70, 2.08)
Ref
0.335
Ref
0.507
Age 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.008 0.260
Length of hospital stay 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) 0.004 <0.0001
Level of injury
Thoracic
Cervical
Lumbar
Ref
0.13 (0.08, .22)
0.09 (0.05, .17)
Ref
0.035
0.028
Ref
<0.0001
<0.0001
Type of treatment
Non-operative
Operative
Ref
3.71 (1.99, 6.88)
Ref
1.170
Ref
<0.0001
Patient needed implants
No
Yes
Ref
0.54 (0.32, 0.93)
Ref
0.149
Red
0.026
Paralysis at presentation
No paralysis
Monoplegia/Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
Ref
2.28 (1.23, 4.23)
6.71 (2.19, 20.59)
1 (NA)
Ref
0.718
3.839
NA
Ref
0.009
0.001
NA
Paralysis at discharge
No paralysis
Monoplegia/Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
Ref
2.88 (1.52, 5.47)
8.10 (2.74, 23.99)
1 (NA)
Ref
.943
4.488
NA
Ref
0.001
<0.0001
NA
Frankel Grade at presentation
A
B
C
D
E
Ref
0.20 (0.08, 0.49)
0.04 (0.02, 0.09)
0.07 (0.03, 0.19)
0.04 (0.02, 0.12)
Ref
0.090
0.016
0.035
0.022
Ref
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
Frankel Grade at discharge
A
B
C
D
E
Ref
0.83 (0.33, 2.10)
0.56 (0.22, 1.39)
1.18 (0.48, 1.89)
0.17 (0.07, 0.45)
Ref
0.394
0.260
0.539
0.084
Ref
0.692
0.211
0.721
<0.0001