Patient Characteristics |
No (%) |
Age (year) Mean / Standard deviation |
57.56 / 12.10 |
Sex, male |
1,050 (55.58) |
Education |
|
Primary |
153 (8.10) |
Junior High |
220 (11.65) |
High school / Vocational |
368 (19.49) |
Diploma |
330 (17.47) |
Bachelor |
684 (36.20) |
Post graduate |
120 (6.33) |
Other |
14 (0.76) |
Occupation |
|
Farmers |
120 (6.33) |
Government |
196 (10.38) |
Contractor |
283 (10.25) |
Employees |
411 (31.77) |
Student |
72 (13.80) |
Business |
536 (18.35) |
Other |
172 (9.11) |
Duration of diabetes |
|
<5 year |
590(31.23) |
5-10 year |
500 (26.45) |
11-20 year |
536 (28.35) |
>20 year |
264 (13.97) |
Body Mass Index |
|
<18.5, underweight |
296(15.76) |
18.5-24.9, normal |
217(11.49) |
25.0-29.9, overweight |
561(29.67) |
30.0-34.9, obese class 1 |
411(21.77) |
35.0-39.9, obese class 2 |
82(4.33) |
>40 obese class 3 |
321(16.98) |
Complications and Comorbidities |
|
Nephropathy |
636(33.63) |
Retinopathy |
411(21.75) |
Neuropathy |
3255(17.19) |
Coronary artery disease |
239(12.62) |
Multi-complication |
239(12.62) |
Other comorbid health problems |
|
Hypertension |
231(12.2) |
Ischemic heart disease |
610(32.3) |
Stroke |
913(48.3) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
215(11.4) |
Drug Class or Description |
|
Insulin |
828(43.80) |
Oral diabetes medications |
|
Biguanide |
659(34.89) |
Sulfonylurea |
828(43.81) |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor |
54(2.84) |
Thiazolidinedione |
432(22.87) |
Antihypertensives |
1281(67.80) |
Aspirin |
607(32.10) |
Any lipid-lowering drug |
1037(54.89) |
ACE Inhibitor or ARB |
115(59.00) |
Diet |
451(23.87) |
HbA1c |
|
< 7.0% |
808(42.74) |
7.0% to 7.9% |
415(21.95) |
8.0% to 8.9% |
299(15.84) |
9.0% to 9.9% |
205(10.86) |
> 10.0% |
163(8.61) |