Table 4: Qualitative analysis of each variable

Bullying Empathy Emotion Regulation Teaching Efficacy
Initial Interview There is a presumption that educating students using verbal and physical aggression is normal. This aggression occurs in order to drive students to behave better.
Teachers perceive that the only way to shape a student’s behavior is through harsh verbal warnings and physical aggressiveness.
Teachers do not fully understand the psychological conditions and cognitive abilities of students, which leads the teachers to generalize students’ conditions.
This elicits the same responses from teacher to all students regardless of the root of the problem.
This attitude causes teachers to become emotional when facing students who are not ableto master the taught subjects. This condition leads to discriminative behavior that leads to bullying.
Teachers often feel discomfort, anger, and confusion when students have difficulty understanding the subjects being taught. These feelings emerge largely due to the teachers’ concerns about students not achieving the learning objectives of the subject, with a particular concern regarding students being below the passing gradedetermined by the school.
Teachers recognize that personal and household conditions of the teacher affect their emotional state at school. This awareness has not been followed by the ability to isolate the problems that occur at home and those that occur at school, which leads to teachers’ emotional reactions at school when an unpleasant event causedby the students occurs.
Emotional reactions shown by teachers in schools are often overreacted and disproportionate.
Teachers avoid violence because it has become a school rule. On the other hand, they experience confusion due to their understanding that physical and verbal aggressiveness is natural and effectivein their efforts to educate students.
Teachers tend to be permissive to the behavior of students who break the rules, because they are afraid to take action that will eventually lead them to deal with law enforcement.
Teachers tend to display verbal aggressivity, both consciously or unconsciously. Examples of verbal aggressivity carried out by teachers are: making fun of students who cannot complete a problem in front of the whole class; emotional yelling to calm a loud classroom.
Interview after training Teachers understand the forms of bullying and how iteffects students
Teacher realize that the bullying behavior displayed by a teacher is an example for students to do the same to their friends
Teachers understand the importance of knowing the background of students who have cognitive and behavioral problems. By understanding the condition of students, teachers can be more sensible in their attitude and behavior.
Some teachers have begun theattempt to understand the conditions of their students, but because of their limited knowledge of students’ learning difficulties, teachers were often confused in determining their attitude towards the problem.
In some cases, the main targets of learning that must be achieved tend to force teachers to ignore the need to understand students’ conditions.
The assumption that parents have a greater role in overcoming their children's problems also contributes to this neglect.
Teachersexperience the positive impact of the emotion regulation technique taught during training. Teachers begin to learn to separate personal problems from their role as a teacher.
But despite feeling the positive impact of the techniques learnedduring training, it seems that the routine implementation in everyday life is still rarely done.
The reason to why implementation has yet to be carried out routinely is the number of activities teachers are involved in, hence they sometimes forget to apply the techniques. Some teachers revealed that they felt embarrassed to use the technique in the public environment.
Teachersbecome aware of the various strategies and techniques that can be done to shape a desired behavior from students without bullying
Teachers considers various approaches that can be taken in the process of educating students. One of them is by giving a positive response to students who succeed in working on a problem.
Despite encountering various obstacles such as time and resources, there have been few attempts to consult with someone who has expertise in student learning difficulties that allows the teachers to get an understanding of the condition of the student.