Factors | Explanation | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
1.Technological Aspect | |||
Advancement | Level of advancement of alternative technology for food packaging compared with existing technology | [28, 29] | |
Reliability | The ability of the technology to | [30-34] | |
perform consistently under specified conditions. | |||
Feasibility | The possibility to adopt alternative packaging technology for use or develop existing technology with alternative technology until successful. | [34-39] | |
Technology Risk | The uncertainty or the possibility that an aspect cannot meet the requirements in the technology will be selected. | [28, 29, 36, 40-42] | |
Raw Material Availability | Difficulty or ease of procurement for R/M use for packaging production such as something found in local or imported goods | [35-39, 41, 43] | |
2. Marketing and Business Competition | - | ||
Raw Material Availability | - | ||
Effect on existing market share | Existing market share was greater when developing the alternative technology for food packaging | [29, 38-40, 43, 44] | |
New market potential | The opportunities for new market or new customer segments when the alternative technology is applied. | [28, 29, 36, 39, 43] | |
Business risk | Uncertain or likely to be unable to achieve sales volume or unable to acquire the required quantity at the required cost. | [28, 29, 33, 40, 41] | |
Timing to market | Duration of the alternative technology that will be transferred to meet market needs. | [28, 29, 33, 40, 41] | |
3.Financial and Economical | |||
The potential return on investment | The potential return on investment in the alternative technology for food packaging. | [29, 36, 41, 45] | |
Financial status | Financial status such as the assets, liabilities, or liquidity that can be used to support the activity in developing the alternative technology | [30, 38, 46, 47] | |
Initial Investment | The cost of adjusting or establishing machinery, equipment, or the set-up process when starting the alternative technology for food packaging. | [31, 34, 42, 45, 48] | |
Price of product | The suitable price of the new packaging that customers are willing to pay. | [44, 46-48] | |
Payback period | Time to get a return on investment in terms of cash. | Interview | |
4.Strategy, Social and Environment | |||
Environmental Impact | Environmental impact that may have been caused by the usage or development of the alternative technology such as the waste, resource consumption, etc. | [30,33,34,38,39,42,43, 45-49] |
|
Human heath Impact | Human heath impact that may have been caused by the usage or development of the alternative technology | [39, 45, 46] | |
Image / Reputation | The image of the product derived from the alternative technology is appropriate and consistent with the needs or social situation. | [37] Interviewed |
|
Regulatory Impact | Regulatory impact that may have been caused by the usage or development of the alternative technology | [33, 38-41, 45, 46] | |
Patentability | The advancement or novelty of alternative technology that can be created for the patent for the organization. | [40, 41, 49] |