| Author | Patients | Criteria | Methods | Result | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Littlejohn and Smythe [1981] [61] | 11 males DISH 8 age, weight-matched non-DISH males |
Resnick | Fasting and post-glucose insulin | Insulin significantly elevated in basal and stimulated state. | Small sample, controlled for BMI. |
| Altomonte et al. [1992] [64] | 6 M, non-obese DISH, 10 M, weight-matched no DISH |
“Resnick” | Fasting and post-glucose insulin, C-peptide | No significant difference to controls | |
| Troillet and Gerster [1993] [35] | 17M, 8F DISH 17M, 8F matched for age, sex, BMI. |
Resnick | Fasting glucose, insulin | No significant difference to controls | |
| Denko et al. [1994] [62] | 14 white males 22 controls 8 black females 10 controls |
Resnick | Fasting morning serum | Insulin – significantly elevated | Study confounded by significant differences in weight, with DISH groups being heavier. |
| Denko and Malemud [2006] [68] | 11 DISH with BMI 23-28 10 DISH with BMI >28 |
Resnick | Fasting morning insulin | Insulin elevated significantly in DISH with BMI> 28 | “Additional” data from 25 DISH patients showed strong correlation between BMI and insulin levels. |
| Sencan et al. [2005] [60] | 133 T2 DM outpatients 133 age, sex, weight –matched, outpatient controls |
Resnick | Fasting insulin | No difference | Positive correlation between age and insulin levels in DISH patients without T2DM |
| Mader et al. [2009] | 13/34 male/females DISH; 48 age-sex matched controls | Resnick | Fasting insulin | No difference | BMI in both groups >30 |
| Eckertova et al. [2009] [56] | 20M, 9F DISH 8 M, 5F no DISH |
Resnick | Fasting and post-OGTT, serum insulin, C-peptide | No difference | Decreased insulinogenic index and insulin/C-peptide ratio in DISH |