Characteristic* | Pneumonia Events | Person-Time | Incidence Rate (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking status Nonsmoker Current smoker |
24 95 |
833 1318 |
2.9 (1.8, 4.3) 7.2 (5.8, 8.8) |
<0.001 |
Race White Racial/Ethnic Minority |
14 105 |
546 1605 |
2.6 (1.4, 4.3) 6.5 (5.3, 7.9) |
<0.001 |
Gender Female Male |
33 86 |
665 1486 |
5.0 (3.4, 7.0) 5.8 (4.6, 7.1) |
0.461 |
Age 18-35 36-44 ≥45 |
27 57 35 |
283 744 1125 |
9.5 (6.3, 13.9) 7.7 (5.8, 9.9) 3.1 (2.2, 4.3) |
<0.001 |
Intravenous drug use No Yes |
90 29 |
1726 425 |
5.2 (4.2, 6.4) 6.8 (4.6, 9.8) |
0.214 |
Alcohol use No Yes |
47 72 |
1132 1018 |
4.1 (3.0, 5.5) 7.1 (5.5, 8.9) |
0.004 |
Crack cocaine use No Yes |
46 73 |
1084 1067 |
4.2 (3.1, 5.7) 6.8 (5.4, 8.6) |
0.010 |
Vaccination status No Yes |
66 53 |
927 1224 |
7.1 (5.5, 9.1) 4.3 (3.2, 5.7) |
0.070 |
Antiretroviral use No Yes |
45 74 |
291 1860 |
15.5 (11.3, 20.7) 4.0 (3.1, 5.0) |
<0.001 |
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) ≥350 200-349 50-199 <50 |
29 13 32 45 |
1189 398 342 222 |
2.4 (1.6, 3.5) 3.3 (1.7, 5.6) 9.4 (6.4, 13.2) 20.3 (14.8, 27.1) |
<0.001 |
HIV RNA level (copies/ml) <400 400-9,999 10,000-99,999 ≥100,000 |
19 18 35 47 |
1130.7 379.9 417.5 222.8 |
1.7 (1.0, 2.6) 4.7 (2.8, 7.5) 8.4 (5.8, 11.6) 21.1 (15.5, 28.0) |
<0.001 |