Table 4.: Pneumonia Incidence Rates Among 300 HIV-Infected Patients Stratified by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Characteristic* Pneumonia Events Person-Time Incidence Rate (95% CI) p-Value
Smoking status
       Nonsmoker
       Current smoker
24
95
833
1318
2.9 (1.8, 4.3)
7.2 (5.8, 8.8)
<0.001
Race
       White
       Racial/Ethnic Minority
14
105
546
1605
2.6 (1.4, 4.3)
6.5 (5.3, 7.9)
<0.001
Gender
       Female
       Male
33
86
665
1486
5.0 (3.4, 7.0)
5.8 (4.6, 7.1)
0.461
Age
       18-35
       36-44
       ≥45
27
57
35
283
744
1125
9.5 (6.3, 13.9)
7.7 (5.8, 9.9)
3.1 (2.2, 4.3)
<0.001
Intravenous drug use
       No
       Yes
90
29
1726
425
5.2 (4.2, 6.4)
6.8 (4.6, 9.8)
0.214
Alcohol use
       No
       Yes
47
72
1132
1018
4.1 (3.0, 5.5)
7.1 (5.5, 8.9)
0.004
Crack cocaine use
       No
       Yes
46
73
1084
1067
4.2 (3.1, 5.7)
6.8 (5.4, 8.6)
0.010
Vaccination status
       No
       Yes
66
53
927
1224
7.1 (5.5, 9.1)
4.3 (3.2, 5.7)
0.070
Antiretroviral use
       No
       Yes
45
74
291
1860
15.5 (11.3, 20.7)
4.0 (3.1, 5.0)
<0.001
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)
       ≥350
       200-349
       50-199
       <50
29
13
32
45
1189
398
342
222
2.4 (1.6, 3.5)
3.3 (1.7, 5.6)
9.4 (6.4, 13.2)
20.3 (14.8, 27.1)
<0.001
HIV RNA level (copies/ml)
       <400
       400-9,999
       10,000-99,999
       ≥100,000
19
18
35
47
1130.7
379.9
417.5
222.8
1.7 (1.0, 2.6)
4.7 (2.8, 7.5)
8.4 (5.8, 11.6)
21.1 (15.5, 28.0)
<0.001

* All factors which vary over time were measured at a pneumonia event among those who had pneumonia and at the last clinic visit among those who did not experience pneumonia.