Table 4.: Pneumonia Incidence Rates Among 300 HIV-Infected Patients Stratified by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Characteristic* Pneumonia Events Person-Time Incidence Rate (95% CI) p-Value
Smoking status
       Nonsmoker
       Current smoker

24
95

833
1318

2.9 (1.8, 4.3)
7.2 (5.8, 8.8)

<0.001
Race
       White
       Racial/Ethnic Minority

14
105

546
1605

2.6 (1.4, 4.3)
6.5 (5.3, 7.9)

<0.001
Gender
       Female
       Male

33
86

665
1486

5.0 (3.4, 7.0)
5.8 (4.6, 7.1)

0.461
Age
       18-35
       36-44
       ≥45

27
57
35

283
744
1125

9.5 (6.3, 13.9)
7.7 (5.8, 9.9)
3.1 (2.2, 4.3)

<0.001
Intravenous drug use
       No
       Yes

90
29

1726
425

5.2 (4.2, 6.4)
6.8 (4.6, 9.8)

0.214
Alcohol use
       No
       Yes

47
72

1132
1018

4.1 (3.0, 5.5)
7.1 (5.5, 8.9)

0.004
Crack cocaine use
       No
       Yes

46
73

1084
1067

4.2 (3.1, 5.7)
6.8 (5.4, 8.6)

0.010
Vaccination status
       No
       Yes

66
53

927
1224

7.1 (5.5, 9.1)
4.3 (3.2, 5.7)

0.070
Antiretroviral use
       No
       Yes

45
74

291
1860

15.5 (11.3, 20.7)
4.0 (3.1, 5.0)

<0.001
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)
       ≥350
       200-349
       50-199
       <50

29
13
32
45

1189
398
342
222

2.4 (1.6, 3.5)
3.3 (1.7, 5.6)
9.4 (6.4, 13.2)
20.3 (14.8, 27.1)

<0.001
HIV RNA level (copies/ml)
       <400
       400-9,999
       10,000-99,999
       ≥100,000

19
18
35
47

1130.7
379.9
417.5
222.8

1.7 (1.0, 2.6)
4.7 (2.8, 7.5)
8.4 (5.8, 11.6)
21.1 (15.5, 28.0)

<0.001

* All factors which vary over time were measured at a pneumonia event among those who had pneumonia and at the last clinic visit among those who did not experience pneumonia.