Table 2: Summary of Experimental Studies on Sleep Deprivation and Diabetes Mellitus

First Author	Year	Sample	Study Duration	Comments
Spiegel et al. [154]	1999	11	6 Nights	Sleep debt has a harmful impact on carbohydrate metabolism.
Donga et al. [155]	2010	9	1 Night	Partial sleep deprivation during a single night induces glucose intolerance.
Stamatakis & Punjabi [156]	2010	11	2 Nights	Fragmentation of sleep across all stages is associated with diabetes.
Spiegel et al. [157]	2004	12	4 Nights	Short sleep duration is associated with decreased leptin levels, increased ghrelin levels, increased hunger and appetite.
Schmid et al. [158]	2008	9	1 Night	One night of sleep deprivation increased ghrelin levels.
Buxton et al. [159]	2010	20	1 Week	Sleep restriction (5 hours/night) for 1 week significantly reduces insulin sensitivity.