Table 1.: Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Outcomes and Nasal Wash Nitrate Between Subjects with ILI Infected with Novel (n) H1N1, Non-nH1N1 Viruses or No Virus Detected, at the TCH ED During the 2009 nH1N1 Pandemic

Total N=88 (%) nH1N1 Virus Positive Group n=17 (%) Non-nH1N1 Virus¥ Positive Group n=43 (%) No Vrus Detected Group n=28(%) P-Value
Age in Months: Median (IQR) 20 (6-57) 59 (7-85) 11 (5-22) 33 (11-84) 0.002*
Gender 0.415**
  Male 39 (44%) 9 (53%) 16 (37%) 14 (50%)
  Female 49 (56%) 8 (47%) 27 (63%) 14 (50%)
Ethnicity/Race 0.051**
  Hispanic 60 (68%) 15 (88%) 30 (70%) 15 (54%)
  Non-Hispanic 28 (32%) 2 (12%) 13 (30%) 13 (46%)
  Black 2 0 2 0
  White 15 1 6 8
  Asian 11 1 5 5
Clinical Outcomes
  Hospitalized 16 (18%) 2 (12%) 10 (23%) 4 (14%) 0.472**
  Hours in ED: Median (IQR)+ 3.6 (2.3-5.1) 3.5 (2.0-5.1) 3.5 (2.6-5.3) 4.1 (1.9-5.1) 0.873*
  Supplemental Oxygen 6 (7%) 0 (0%) 4 (9%) 2 (7%) 0.435**
  Hours of Oxygen: Median (IQR) 34 (12-55) NA 42 (31-79) NA 0.064*
  Intravenous Fluids (IVF) 14 (16%) 1 (6%) 8 (19%) 5 (18%) 0.451**
  Hours of IVF: Median (IQR) 21 (5-40) NA 33 (19-41) 9 (3-18) 0.057*
  Healthcare visit after discharge 18 (21%) 5 (29%) 6 (15%) 7 (26%) 0.377**
Nasal Wash Nitrate (M)
  Median (IQR) Nitrate (overall) 3.4 (0.0-8.6) 2.2 (0.0-10.8) 4.7 (0.2-11.5) 1.6 (0.0-4.9) 0.076*
  Nitrate Detectable 0.647**
  Nitrate Undetectable 26 (30%) 6 (35%) 10 (23%) 10 (36%)
  Missing 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%)
  Nitrate Detectable 61 (69%) 11 (65%) 32 (74%) 18 (64%)
  Median (IQR) Nitrate (when Detected) 5.3 (3.0-11.3) 5.3 (2.2-13.5) 7.5 (3.6-14.4) 4.3 (1.7-5.6) 0.061*
Nasal Wash IgA Detected 61 (69%) 11 (65%) 39 (91%) 11 (39%) <0.0001**

¥ Most common viruses identified were rhinovirus, RSV and adenovirus.
+ For patients discharged home from the ED.
* Kruskal-Wallis Test;
** Chi-Square Test.