Table 2: Examples of road safety countermeasures based on the three-dimensional analysis of road safety problems (after Nilsson [49]).

Countermeasures act on Countermeasures directed to
Infrastructure Vehicle Road user
Exposure Improved public transportation Increasing the cost of vehicle usage Graduated driving licence
Risk (Probability
of accidents)
Speed bumps Speed limiter in cars Induce road users to comply with traffic regulations
Consequence
of accidents
Guard rails, crash cushions Crash protection in the vehicle Induce road users to use the seat belts