| Symbol | Meaning | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| PVEH | maximum electric power transferable through V2G | KW |
| ES | battery-stored energy available as direct current transferable to an inverter | kWh |
| dD | driving distance when the battery of an EV is fully charged | km |
| dRB | minimum range buffer driving distance required for a driver | km |
| ηPEV/PHEV | average driving efficiency of pure EVs (PEVs) and plug-in EVs (PHEVs) | kWh/km |
| ηINV | efficiency of the inverter where the direct current of the battery converts into alternating current | % |
| tDISP | time that the stored energy in EVs is dispatched | hour |
| fEV (G2V) | percentage of EVs connected to power grid for charging | % |
| fEV (V2G) | percentage of EVs connected to power grid for discharging | % |
| PLG2V/V2G | effect of EVs on the peak load when considering G2V and V2G | KW |
| δ | coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs charging during peak load time by the average charging electric power (kW) of each EV | % |
| ε | coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs discharging during peak load time by the average discharging electric power (kW) of each EV | % |
| NPEV/PHEV(t) | number of EVs at time (t) | - |
| TTarget | year during which V2G-supported AMI is completely deployed nationwide | year |
| TNOW | year when V2G-supported AMI is built | year |
| Bj | objective function of the optimization problem in WASP | - |
| I | investment (capital) cost | - |
| S | salvage value | - |
| OM | operation and maintenance cost | - |
| F | fuel cost | - |
| U | unserved energy cost | - |