APPENDIX : NOMENCLATURE

Symbol Meaning Unit
PVEH maximum electric power transferable through V2G KW
ES battery-stored energy available as direct current transferable to an inverter kWh
dD driving distance when the battery of an EV is fully charged km
dRB minimum range buffer driving distance required for a driver km
ηPEV/PHEV average driving efficiency of pure EVs (PEVs) and plug-in EVs (PHEVs) kWh/km
ηINV efficiency of the inverter where the direct current of the battery converts into alternating current %
tDISP time that the stored energy in EVs is dispatched hour
fEV (G2V) percentage of EVs connected to power grid for charging %
fEV (V2G) percentage of EVs connected to power grid for discharging %
PLG2V/V2G effect of EVs on the peak load when considering G2V and V2G KW
δ coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs charging during peak load time by the average charging electric power (kW) of each EV %
ε coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs discharging during peak load time by the average discharging electric power (kW) of each EV %
NPEV/PHEV(t) number of EVs at time (t) -
TTarget year during which V2G-supported AMI is completely deployed nationwide year
TNOW year when V2G-supported AMI is built year
Bj objective function of the optimization problem in WASP -
I investment (capital) cost -
S salvage value -
OM operation and maintenance cost -
F fuel cost -
U unserved energy cost -