Symbol |
Meaning |
Unit |
PVEH |
maximum electric power transferable through V2G |
KW |
ES |
battery-stored energy available as direct current transferable to an inverter |
kWh |
dD |
driving distance when the battery of an EV is fully charged |
km |
dRB |
minimum range buffer driving distance required for a driver |
km |
ηPEV/PHEV |
average driving efficiency of pure EVs (PEVs) and plug-in EVs (PHEVs) |
kWh/km |
ηINV |
efficiency of the inverter where the direct current of the battery converts into alternating current |
% |
tDISP |
time that the stored energy in EVs is dispatched |
hour |
fEV (G2V) |
percentage of EVs connected to power grid for charging |
% |
fEV (V2G) |
percentage of EVs connected to power grid for discharging |
% |
PLG2V/V2G |
effect of EVs on the peak load when considering G2V and V2G |
KW |
δ |
coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs charging during peak load time by the average charging electric power (kW) of each EV |
% |
ε |
coefficient determined by multiplying the proportion of EVs discharging during peak load time by the average discharging electric power (kW) of each EV |
% |
NPEV/PHEV(t) |
number of EVs at time (t) |
- |
TTarget |
year during which V2G-supported AMI is completely deployed nationwide |
year |
TNOW |
year when V2G-supported AMI is built |
year |
Bj
|
objective function of the optimization problem in WASP |
- |
I |
investment (capital) cost |
- |
S |
salvage value |
- |
OM |
operation and maintenance cost |
- |
F |
fuel cost |
- |
U |
unserved energy cost |
- |